储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (6): 1987-1997.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0455

• 氢能与燃料电池专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

燃料电池汽车地方政策研究

吴小员(), 卢新宝, 董嘉璇, 汪茹   

  1. 同济大学,上海 201804
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-31 修回日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2021-11-05 发布日期:2021-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 吴小员 E-mail:xywu@tongji.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:吴小员(1968—),女,高级工程师,主要研究方向为新能源汽车产业与市场,E-mail:xywu@tongji.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(19BJY073)

Local policy for fuel cell vehicles

Xiaoyuan WU(), Xinbao LU, Jiaxuan DONG, Ru WANG   

  1. Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  • Received:2021-08-31 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2021-11-05 Published:2021-11-03
  • Contact: Xiaoyuan WU E-mail:xywu@tongji.edu.cn

摘要:

在全球加快能源低碳转型、我国聚焦“碳达峰、碳中和”的大背景下,我国各地近年来密集出台燃料电池汽车政策,以抢占氢能发展先机,打造地方发展新动能。本文在总结我国燃料电池汽车总体概况与国家宏观政策的基础上,以燃料电池汽车产业发展与政策实施的关键目的地—城市为重点对象,研究地方燃料电池汽车政策准备度。选择了覆盖全国七大区域、最具代表性的20个燃料电池汽车发展城市;以“燃料电池汽车”为关键主题词,适当兼顾“氢能”与“燃料电池”,统计梳理了2018—2021年上半年的地方政策文本197个;利用层次分析法(AHP)、德尔菲法以及内容分析法等方法,构建了由规划目标、财税政策、非财税政策、合作机制4个维度,以及车辆推广目标等13个二级指标和应用领域等39个三级指标组成的燃料电池汽车城市政策准备度评价指标体系,建立评价模型并进行政策准备度测度。结果表明,我国城市燃料电池汽车政策总体准备度水平还不高,以目标规划引领、非财税政策替代财税政策为支撑、跨地区合作协同的地方政策体系已初步形成。通过分析城市之间在具体政策维度、指标方面的差异,总结了地区间政策不平衡的状况,指出了部分城市的政策亮点与不足,提出了因地制宜,以燃料电池汽车城市示范目标为引领,短期强化供给型政策、长期强化环境支撑型政策工具,并提前谋划后示范阶段燃料电池汽车可持续发展政策等优化燃料电池汽车地方政策的建议。

关键词: 燃料电池汽车, 地方政策, 层次分析法, 准备度

Abstract:

Due to the accelerating global trend of low-carbon energy transformation and China's strategy of facilitating "carbon peaking and carbon neutralization," China's local governments have been intensively issuing fuel cell vehicle policies in recent years to seize the opportunity of hydrogen energy development and create new momentum for the local economy and society. This study evaluates the local policy status of fuel cell vehicles based on the overall situation of fuel cell vehicles and their relative national policies in China. Twenty representative cities covering all the seven regions in China are selected to research policy readiness for fuel cell vehicles since cities are the key target for industry development and policy implementation. Taking "fuel cell vehicle" as the key theme while giving due consideration to "hydrogen energy" and "fuel cell," 197 local policy texts of fuel cell vehicles issued from 2018 to the first half of 2021 are statistically explored. This study constructs an evaluation index system and model for city policy readiness using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Delphi, and content-analysis methods. The index system is composed of four dimensions, namely planning goals, fiscal and tax policies, non-fiscal and tax policies, as well as cooperation mechanisms. Furthermore, there are 13 corresponding secondary indicators for the four dimensions, such as vehicle promotion goals, and 39 tertiary indicators, such as application fields, determined with their respective weights and included in the index system. The policy readiness of fuel cell vehicles for 20 representative cities is measured and ranked by deploying the evaluation model. The results show that the overall readiness level of fuel cell vehicle policies in these Chinese cities is not high. In contrast, a local policy system guided by planning goals, supported by non-fiscal tax policies, and cross-regional cooperation and coordination has been preliminarily formed. This study summarizes regional policy imbalance and points out city policy highlights and weaknesses by analyzing differences of specific policy dimensions and indicators among cities. Finally, suggestions to optimize the local policies of fuel cell vehicles have been put forward, such as adjusting measures to local conditions, strengthening city demonstration goal guidance, short-term supply-oriented policies, long-term environmental support policy tools, and focusing more on sustainable development policies for the after-demonstration stage.

Key words: fuel cell vehicle (FCV), local policy, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), readiness

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