储能科学与技术 ›› 2018, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (3): 418-423.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0059

• 高比能量动力锂离子电池专刊 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂离子电池固态电解质界面膜(SEI)的研究进展

梁大宇, 包婷婷, 高田慧, 张健   

  1. 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司工程研究总院, 安徽 合肥 230011
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-12 修回日期:2018-04-16 出版日期:2018-05-01 发布日期:2018-04-17
  • 通讯作者: 梁大宇(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为锂离子动力电池,E-mail:liangdayu@gotion.com.cn
  • 作者简介:梁大宇(1988-),男,硕士,工程师,研究方向为锂离子动力电池,E-mail:liangdayu@gotion.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB010030)。

Research progress of lithium ion battery solid-electrolyte interface(SEI)

LIANG Dayu, BAO Tingting, GAO Tianhui, ZHANG Jian   

  1. Institute of Engineering Research, Hefei Guoxuan High-tech Power Energy Co. Ltd., Hefei 230011, Anhui, China
  • Received:2018-04-12 Revised:2018-04-16 Online:2018-05-01 Published:2018-04-17

摘要: 固态电解质界面膜(SEI)是指锂离子电池在首次充电过程中由于电解液被氧化还原分解并沉积在电极材料表面形成的界面膜。具有离子导通、电子绝缘特性的SEI膜是锂离子电池能够长期稳定工作的保障条件,对其容量、倍率、循环、安全性能等都有至关重要的影响。然而由于SEI膜的形成过程非常复杂且表征测试的难度极大,当前对SEI膜的特性认识仍然停留在实验观察和模型猜想的阶段,需要对SEI膜的定量分析和可控优化进行进一步的探究。本文综述了SEI膜的形成过程机理、影响因素、研究思路及其现状,并对未来潜在的研究方向展望如下:研究新型正极材料表面SEI膜的形成机理以及作用;探索功能电解液的配方优化,研究新型溶剂、锂盐或添加剂的成膜机理及作用;采用原位分析或理论计算的方法深入研究SEI膜的化学组成和形貌结构;探索有效的人工SEI膜构建方法并实现SEI膜结构的可控优化。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 固态电解质界面膜, 成膜机理, 电解液

Abstract: The lithium ion battery solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) is a thin-layer film formed on the surface of electrodes due to redox decomposition of electrolyte in the initial charging process. SEI film with high ionic conduction and electrical resistance is quite necessary for the long-term usage of lithium ion batteries and has a crucial impact on their capacity, rate, cycling and safety performances. However, because of its complex formation processes and great difficulties in making accurate characterization, only a superficial knowledge of SEI derive from some experimental observation or model hypothesis, thus quantitative analysis and controllable structural optimization are still needed to be further investigated. This paper reviews the formation process, the influence factors,some research ideas and current research status of SEI film. In addition, some potential research directions of SEI have been presented, including investigating the formation mechanism and role of SEI on the surface of cathode materials, optimizing the electrolyte formulas through solvents, lithium salts and additives to facilitate the formation of more stable SEI films, adopting advanced in-situ analysis methods and theoretical calculation methods to analyze chemical composition, morphology and microstructure of SEI, exploring effective ways to construct artificial SEI film and realize controllable structural modification.

Key words: lithium ion battery, solid-electrolyte interface, formation mechanism, electrolyte

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