基于“电-氢-电”过程的规模化氢储能经济性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0955

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“碳达峰、碳中和”战略背景下，氢能的重要性不断提升。当前，基于“电-氢-电”过程的氢储能总体处于示范应用阶段，储能成本是其形成竞争力的关键，但是关于规模化氢储能平准化成本(LCOES)的针对性研究未见报道。本文首先建立氢储能LCOES模型，对25 MW规模的氢储能电站系统进行了定量分析，而后预测了未来场景下的LCOES水平。结果表明，氢储能系统LCOES为4.758元/kWh，初始投资中制氢系统占比最高(44.66%)，运行成本中制氢成本占比最高(42.99%)。电价对氢储能成本有一定影响，其每下降0.1元/kWh，LCOES降幅8.18%。虽然提升发电效率难度较大，但对氢储能的经济性非常关键，其每提升10%，LCOES平均降幅11.88%～12.50%。制氢系统和发电系统设备价格同时下降10%可带来LCOES 6.06%的降幅。储能时长对LCOES的影响较大，尤其是在时长较短时。当储能时长在4～8 h范围时，每增加1 h时长可使LCOES平均下降0.394元/kWh。未来随着水电解制氢和燃料电池设备价格的下降及效率的提升，氢储能有望成为长时、长周期储能领域具有竞争力的技术路线。

关键词: 氢储能, 电-氢-电, 规模化, 平准化储能成本, 经济性分析

Abstract:

In line with the "carbon peak, carbon neutral" initiative, the significance of hydrogen energy is increasingly recognized. Currently, hydrogen energy storage, based on the "electric-hydrogen-electric" process, is primarily in the demonstration application phase, with energy storage cost being a critical factor for its competitiveness. However, targeted research on the levelized cost of large-scale hydrogen energy storage (LCOES) is lacking. This study addresses this gap by establishing an LCOES model for hydrogen energy storage power and conducting quantitative analysis on a 25 MW scale hydrogen energy storage power station system. Subsequently, LCOES levels are projected for future scenarios. The findings reveal that the LCOES of the hydrogen energy storage system is 4.758 CNY/kWh. Capital expenditures are primarily attributed to the hydrogen production system (44.66%), while operational expenditures are dominated by hydrogen production costs (42.99%). Electricity prices notably influence hydrogen energy storage costs, with every 0.1 CNY/kWh decrease resulting in an 8.18% reduction in LCOES. Although enhancing power generation efficiency is challenging, it substantially impacts the economics of hydrogen energy storage, with every 10% increase leading to an 11.88% to 12.50% reduction in LCOES. A 10% decrease in the prices of hydrogen production and power generation system equipment correlates with a 6.06% decrease in LCOES. Energy storage duration markedly affects LCOES, particularly with shorter durations. Within the 4 to 8 h range, each additional hour of energy storage could decrease LCOES by an average of 0.394 CNY/kWh. As hydrogen production and fuel cell equipment prices decline and efficiency improves, hydrogen energy storage is anticipated to emerge as a competitive technical solution for long-term and extended-duration energy storage applications.

Key words: hydrogen energy storage, electric-hydrogen-electric, large-scale, levelized cost of energy storage, economic analysis

中图分类号:

TK 02

林旗力, 陈珍, 王晓虎, 戚宏勋, 王伟. 基于“电-氢-电”过程的规模化氢储能经济性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 2068-2077.

Qili LIN, Zhen CHEN, Xiaohu WANG, Hongxun QI, Wei WANG. Economic analysis of large-scale hydrogen energy storage based on the “electric-hydrogen-electric” process[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 2068-2077.

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设备		技术规格
制氢系统	电解槽系统	PEM，25 MW/5000 m³/h
储氢系统	纯化装置	5000 m³/h
	缓冲罐	2 MPa，300 m³
	压缩机	膜式，20 MPa，5000 m³/h
	储氢罐	20 MPa，200 m³
发电系统	燃料电池	PEMFC，12.5 MW
冷却系统	机力冷却塔系统	3000 t/h

序号	名称	成本/万元
1	PEM电解槽系统(含电源、纯水制取设备)	15900
2	纯化装置	300
3	缓冲罐	60
4	压缩机	3000
5	储氢罐	1500
6	PEMFC燃料电池	5625
7	机力冷却塔系统	1000
8	土建、安装及其他费用	8125.5

参数	单位	数据	参考文献	备注
制氢效率	%	80	[11-12]
发电效率	%	80	[31-32]
制氢系统价格	元/kW	1908	[34]	下降70%
发电系统价格	元/kW	500	[19]

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