锂离子电池热失控监测与预警的气敏技术研究进展

谭则杰, 周晓燕, 徐振恒, 樊小鹏, 田兵, 王志明, 李秋桐, 付佳龙, 李志勇, 郭新

Research progress of gas-sensing technologies for the monitoring and early warning of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries

Zejie TAN, Xiaoyan ZHOU, Zhenheng XU, Xiaopeng FAN, Bing TIAN, Zhiming WANG, Qiutong LI, Jialong FU, Zhiyong LI, Xin GUO

表1 不同LIBs热失控过程的产气行为

Table 1 Gas releasing during thermal runaway of various LIBs

电池体系 容量/Ah SOC 气体总量/mL 气体种类和浓度 参考文献 正极：—；负极：—；电解质：— — 100% — N2 (33.13%)，CO2 (29.86%)，H2 (15.25%)，CO (7.26%)，CH4 (5.71%)，C2H4 (4.33%) [62] 正极：LCO/NCM；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/ EMC/EC 2.6 — 5936±985.6 CO2 (24.9%)，CO (27.6%)，H2 (30%)，CH4 (8.6%)， C2H4 (7.7%)，C2H6 (1.2%) [63] 正极：NCM；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/ EMC/EC/PC 1.5 — 3337.6±537.6 CO2 (41.2%)，CO (13%)，H2 (30.8%)，CH4 (6.8%)， C2H4 (8.2%) 正极：LFP；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/EMC/EC/PC 1.1 — 1120±89.6 CO2 (53%)，CO (4.8%)，H2 (30.9%)，CH4 (4.1%)， C2H4 (6.8%)，C2H6 (0.3%) 正极：LFP；负极：—；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/EMC/EC/PC 2.5 120% 645.8 ± 37.1 CO2 (47%)，H2 (23%)，C2H4 (10%)，CO (4.9%)， C2H5F (4.6%) [39] 正极：LCO；负极：Li x C6；电解质： LiPF6 PC/EMC/DEC/DMC) 1 — 10.5 CO2 (75.6%)，CH4 (12%)，C2H6 (2.6%)，C3H8 (2.7%)， O2 (1.3), N2 (5.3%) [28] 正极：LFP；电解质：—；负极：石墨 3.8 100% 3790 H2 (24.24%)，CO (4.5%)，CO2 (25.39%)，CH4 (5.9%)， C2H2 (0.08%)，C2H4 (3.26)，C2H6 (1.29%) [64] 正极：LTO；电解质：—；负极：石墨 1.3 8980 H2 (8.41%)，CO (5.3%)，CO2 (37.6%)，CH4 (1.23%)， C2H2 (0.0008%)，C2H4 (1.38%)，C2H6 (0.4%) 正极：NMC；电解质：—；负极：石墨 3.2 11720 H2 (12.39%)，CO (30.30%)，CO2 (13.22%)，CH4 (10.50%), C2H2 (0.0026%)，C2H4 (0.1%)，C2H6 (0.16%) 正极：LCO；负极：石墨化碳纤维； 电解质：1 mol/L LiPF6 EC/EMC 0.65 90% 22 CO2 (—)，H2 (—)，CO (—)，CH4 (—)，C2H4 (—)，C2H6 (—) [65] 正极：NCM；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 EC/DEC/EMC 32 170% — CO2 (32.2%)，CO (45.1%)，C2H4 (4.2%)，C2H6 (0.51%) [66] 180% — CO2 (39.9%)，CO (43.3%)，C2H4 (7.9%)，C2H6 (0.8%)， CH4 (0.4%) 190% — CO2 (58.4%)，CO (31.7%)，C2H4 (3.97%)，C2H6 (0.81%)，CH4 (0.53%) 正极：LCO；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/EC 2.3 75% — N2 (68%)，O2 (14.31%)，H2 (5.92%)，CO2 (4.86%)， CO (3.58%)，C x H y (3.44%) [67] 100% — N2 (54.54%)，O2 (11.26%)，H2 (8.81%)，CO2 (5.3%)， CO (11.95%)，C x H y (8.14%) 正极：NCM；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 DMC/EC 2.6 75% — N2 (59.75)，O2 (14.57%)，H2 (5.66%)，CO2 (5.21%)， CO (4.21%)，C x H y (9.31%) 100% — N2 (39.89)，O2 (4.71%)，H2 (11.56%)，CO2 (7.25%)， CO (22.02%)，C x H y (14.57%) 正极：LFP；负极：石墨；电解质： LiPF6 EC/EMC/PC； ～2.75 100% — CO2 (2000 ppm)，CO (1000 ppm)，H2 (1000 ppm) (1 ppm=10-6) [68]