基于变工质模化方法的超临界CO2储能透平膨胀机相似特性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0342

储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (5): 1815-1823.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0342

• 物理储能十年专刊·新物理储能 • 上一篇下一篇

基于变工质模化方法的超临界CO₂储能透平膨胀机相似特性分析

李祎然^1,²(), 李文^1,^2,³, 常学煜¹, 左志涛^1,^2,³, 李辉³(), 陈海生^1,^2,⁴()

^1.中国科学院工程热物理研究所，北京 100190
^2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
^3.毕节高新技术产业开发区国家能源大规模物理储能技术研发中心，贵州毕节 551712
^4.中国科学院清洁能源创新研究院，辽宁大连 116023

收稿日期:2021-07-14 修回日期:2021-07-27 出版日期:2021-09-05 发布日期:2021-09-08
作者简介:李祎然（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为变工质透平膨胀机模化方法，E-mail：liyiran@iet.cn|李辉，中级工程师，主要研究方向为新型透平膨胀机研发等，E-mail：lihui@iet.cn|陈海生，研究员，主要研究方向为新型大规模压缩空气储能等，E-mail：chen_hs@mail.etp.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51976218);中科院洁净能源先导科技专项(XDA21070200);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础［2020］1Y240)

Modeling of similar characteristics of turbo-expander in supercritical CO₂ energy storage based on different working fluids

Yiran LI^1,²(), Wen LI^1,^2,³, Xueyu CHANG¹, Zhitao ZUO^1,^2,³, Hui LI³(), Haisheng CHEN^1,^2,⁴()

^1.Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
^3.National Energy Large Scale Physical Energy Storage Technologies R&D Center of Bijie High-tech Industrial Development Zone, Bijie 551712, Guizhou, China
^4.Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China

Received:2021-07-14 Revised:2021-07-27 Online:2021-09-05 Published:2021-09-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

变工质下透平膨胀机的相似模化特性研究是特殊工质透平膨胀机研发的关键技术手段和必要方法，也是提升研发效率和节约成本的有效途径。本文提出了一种基于转速、进口总温、绝热指数和气体常数的适用于透平膨胀机变工质的新型模化方法，并利用某透平膨胀机对超临界CO₂与空气的相似模化进行了数值验证。结果显示，在总体性能参数的模化上具有较高的精确度；在内部流场预测(马赫数、速度分布)等方面也具有良好的模化效果。该方法适用于利用空气模化高温度、高压力下的超临界CO₂储能做功过程。

关键词: 变工质, 模化方法, 超临界CO₂储能, 透平膨胀机, 相似特性

Abstract:

The study of similar modeling characteristics of turbo-expanders with different working fluids is not only the important technical means and necessary method for the research and development of turbo-expanders with special working fluids but also an effective approach to improve the efficiency of research and development and save cost. In this study, a new modeling method based on rotational speed, inlet total temperature, adiabatic index, and gas constant is proposed. The modeling method is suitable for varying the working fluids of turbo-expanders, and it is numerically confirmed using supercritical CO₂ and air in a turbo-expander. It exhibits high accuracy in modeling the overall performance parameters and has a good modeling effect in predicting the internal flow field (Mach number, velocity distribution). This method is suitable for modeling the work process of supercritical CO₂ energy storage at high temperatures and high pressure using air.

Key words: different working fluids, modeling method, supercritical CO₂ energy storage, turbo-expander, similar characteristics

中图分类号:

TK 14

李祎然, 李文, 常学煜, 左志涛, 李辉, 陈海生. 基于变工质模化方法的超临界CO₂储能透平膨胀机相似特性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1815-1823.

Yiran LI, Wen LI, Xueyu CHANG, Zhitao ZUO, Hui LI, Haisheng CHEN. Modeling of similar characteristics of turbo-expander in supercritical CO₂ energy storage based on different working fluids[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1815-1823.

图/表 13

图1

表1

影响透平级性能的主要独立参数"

类别	参数
特征机械参数	叶轮特征直径D，转速n
特征流动介质的物性参数	绝热指数κ，动力黏度μ，气体常数R
影响流动状态的参数	进口总压 $p 1 $ ，进口总温 $T 1 $ ，出口总压 $p 2 *$ ，质量流量G
研究的特性参数	效率?，功率N

表1

表2

相似模化准则数"

模化准则名称	表达式
透平级膨胀比	$π 1 = p 1 * p 2 *$
折合流量	$π 2 = G R T 1 * p 1 * D 2$
相对雷诺数	$π 3 = p 1 * D μ R T 1 *$
折合转速	$π 4 = n D R T 1 *$
折合功率	$π 5 = N p 1 * D 2 R T 1 *$
绝热指数	$π 6 = κ$
效率	$π 7 = η$

表2

表3

数值验证向心涡轮主要涉及参数"

参数名称	数值
进口总温 $T 1 *$ /K	477.8
进口总压 $p 1 *$ /kPa	333.7
转速n/(r·min^-1)	19919
膨胀比 $p 1 $ / $p 2 $	4.992
出口静压p₂/kPa	51.63
导叶数/静叶数Z_stator/Z_rotor	36/14

表3

图2

表4

图3

表5

应用变工质方法后的数值计算参数"

参数/工质	SCO₂	CO₂	空气
进口总压 $p 1 *$ /MPa	18	2.85	2.85
进口总温 $T 1 *$ /K	873.15	373.97	393.14
进口绝热指数κ	1.2228	1.3513	1.4206
气体常数R	188.9232	188.9232	286.7059
转速n/(r·min^-1)	48000	31416	39681

表5

表6

图4

图5

图6

图7

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参数	实验结果	数值计算结果	误差
质量流量G/(kg·s^-1)	2.71	2.83	+4.43%
功率N/kW	424.30	443.80	+4.60%
效率?/%	88.50	91.75	+3.25%

参数/工质	SCO₂	CO₂	模化误差/%	空气	模化误差/%
总总等熵效率?_tt/%	94.07	94.80	0.73	94.33	0.26
质量流量G/(kg·s^-1)	22.08	6.29	—	4.95	—
折合流量π₂	560.58	586.88	4.69	583.49	4.09
功率N/kW	2929.57	318.57	—	417.82	—
折合功率π₅	0.45	0.42	-3.02	0.44	-1.41
特性比(U₁/C_s)	0.66	0.70	3.51	0.68	2.17

基于变工质模化方法的超临界CO₂储能透平膨胀机相似特性分析

Modeling of similar characteristics of turbo-expander in supercritical CO₂ energy storage based on different working fluids

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参考文献 27

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