电网调频飞轮储能系统并网能量管理与控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1073

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (5): 2013-2022.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1073

电网调频飞轮储能系统并网能量管理与控制策略

许庆祥¹(), 滕伟¹(), 秦润², 宋顺一², 柳亦兵¹, 梁双印¹

^1.华北电力大学先进飞轮储能技术研究中心，北京 102206
^2.深能南京能源控股有限公司，江苏南京 210000

收稿日期:2024-11-15 修回日期:2024-12-16 出版日期:2025-05-28 发布日期:2025-05-21
通讯作者: 滕伟 E-mail:xuqingxiang.ncepu@qq.com;tengw@ncepu.edu.cn
作者简介:许庆祥（1998—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为飞轮储能系统并网调频，E-mail：xuqingxiang.ncepu@qq.com；
基金资助:
电力系统用大容量飞轮储能成套系统研究项目（0309-NJKG-技开-2023-0032）

Energy management and control strategy for grid-connected frequency regulation flywheel energy storage systems

Qingxiang XU¹(), Wei TENG¹(), Run QIN², Shunyi SONG², Yibing LIU¹, Shuangyin LIANG¹

^1.Research Center for Advanced Flywheel Energy Storage Technology, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
^2.Shenzhen Energy Nanjing Holding Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-11-15 Revised:2024-12-16 Online:2025-05-28 Published:2025-05-21
Contact: Wei TENG E-mail:xuqingxiang.ncepu@qq.com;tengw@ncepu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

飞轮储能系统以其具有响应速度快、能量转换效率高、能量密度高、使用寿命长和环保等优势，在电网调频领域的作用日益凸显。目前的飞轮单机功率和能量尚不足以对电网的频率波动提供足够的支撑，需要将多台飞轮并联组合成阵列以进行调频响应。针对飞轮储能系统并网运行时单元的能量状态不一和机网联合控制时母线电压稳定性差的问题，本工作提出了飞轮储能阵列内的功率优化分配方法和飞轮储能单元的机网协调控制策略。考虑了飞轮储能系统的功率和容量限制，实现了各飞轮单元运行一致性；采用基于自抗扰控制的直流母线电压外环和基于模型预测控制的电流内环控制策略，建立飞轮储能机网两侧模型，分析了飞轮储能系统的整体控制效果。通过仿真验证了本文所提飞轮储能系统并网能量管理与控制策略的有效性。

关键词: 飞轮储能系统, 功率分配策略, 机网协调控制, 运行一致性

Abstract:

The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is becoming increasingly important in power grid frequency regulation owing to its fast response speed, high energy conversion efficiency, high energy density, long service life, and eco-friendly properties. At present, the power and energy output of a single flywheel are insufficient to fully support frequency fluctuations in the power grid. To compensate, it is necessary to combine multiple flywheels in parallel, forming an array for frequency modulation response. This study addresses two critical challenges in FESS operation during grid connection: uneven energy distribution among flywheel units and poor bus voltage stability in grid-integrated control systems. To resolve these issues, a power allocation method for the flywheel array and a coordinated control strategy for flywheel units are proposed. These strategies ensure consistent operation across all flywheel units while adhering to the power and capacity limits of the FESS. The proposed approach includes a DC bus voltage outer loop control strategy based on linear active disturbance rejection control and a current inner loop control strategy using model predictive control. Model development on both the motor and grid sides of the FESS is conducted to analyze the system's overall control performance. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed energy management and control strategies for grid-connected FESS operations.

Key words: flywheel energy storage system, power allocation strategy, motor-grid coordination control, operational consistency

中图分类号:

TK 02

许庆祥, 滕伟, 秦润, 宋顺一, 柳亦兵, 梁双印. 电网调频飞轮储能系统并网能量管理与控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 2013-2022.

Qingxiang XU, Wei TENG, Run QIN, Shunyi SONG, Yibing LIU, Shuangyin LIANG. Energy management and control strategy for grid-connected frequency regulation flywheel energy storage systems[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 2013-2022.

图/表 16

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图2

图3

表1

飞轮单元参数表"

模块类型	参数名称	参数值
三相异步电机模块	额定功率P/kW	250
	额定频率f/Hz	120
	最低转速n_min/(r/min)	3600
	最高转速n_max/(r/min)	11500
	转子电阻R_r/ $Ω$	0.0028
	定子电阻R_S/ $Ω$	0.0034
	转子电感L_r/H	0.0012539
	定子电感L_s/H	0.0012460
	定转子等效互感L_m/H	0.0012
	极对数n_p	2

飞轮转子	转动惯量J/kg·m²	250

变流器模块	直流母线电压/V	650
	直流电容/F	0.05
	开关频率/Hz	20000

表1

图4

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电网调频飞轮储能系统并网能量管理与控制策略

Energy management and control strategy for grid-connected frequency regulation flywheel energy storage systems

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