The reference electrode test method has a wide range of applications in lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we introduce the production of several types of conventional reference electrodes, including Swagelok method, implant of reference electrode, and in-situ deposition. We also introduce the applications of lithium reference electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, such as the test of electrode potential, separation analysis in the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of electrodes, the interface reactions between electrodes and electrolytes, and the decision of fast charging boundaries of batteries. We believe that the reference electrode can still be improved in the following aspects: lifetime, implantation position, and the convenience and operability of implantation. Thus, reference electrodes can find more applications in commercial batteries.
Keywords:reference electrode
;
lithium ion battery
;
electrochemical process
;
electrode potential
;
failure analysis
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