储能科学与技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (4): 1416-1422.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0020

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

动态工况下车用燃料电池系统热力学分析

陈曦(), 贺凌轩, 刘芹孝, 方叶, 龙施淳, 万忠民()   

  1. 湖南理工学院机械工程学院，湖南 岳阳 414006
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-14 修回日期:2021-04-07 出版日期:2021-07-05 发布日期:2021-06-25
  • 通讯作者: 万忠民 E-mail:xichen2013@hnu.edu.cn;zhongminwan@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:陈曦（1985—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为燃料电池及氢能利用，E-mail：xichen2013@hnu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52076072);湖南省科技创新计划项目(2020RC4040);湖南省研究生教育改革研究项目(2020JGYB238);湖南省高校教研教改项目(HNJG-2020-0668)

Thermodynamic analysis of vehicle fuel cell system under dynamic conditions

Xi CHEN(), Lingxuan HE, Qinxiao LIU, Ye FANG, Shichun LONG, Zhongmin WAN()   

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, Hunan, China
  • Received:2021-01-14 Revised:2021-04-07 Online:2021-07-05 Published:2021-06-25
  • Contact: Zhongmin WAN E-mail:xichen2013@hnu.edu.cn;zhongminwan@hotmail.com

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摘要：

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)是通过电化学将反应将氢气中的化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置，具有启动快、无污染、效率高、可靠性高等特点，正逐步应用于新能源汽车。本文提出了一种车用燃料电池动力系统热力学模型，系统主要由PEMFC电堆、空气压缩机、氢气循环泵、冷却水泵及加湿器模型组成。研究了动态工况下附属设备能耗对燃料电池动力系统效率的影响，分析了工作温度、阴阳极进气湿度等运行参数与系统电功率、电效率及热效率的映射关系，得到了动力系统在180～300 A阶跃电流下的附属设备能耗及系统输出净功率、电效率、热效率。结果表明，在30 kW车用PEMFC系统中，系统输出净功率达22.5 kW，加湿器、冷却泵、空压机、氢气循环泵的能量损耗分别达1.78 kW、2.18 kW、3.1 kW、2.15 kW。系统最大电效率及热效率分别达41%、52.1%。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池, 动态运行条件, 负荷能耗, 热力学性能

Abstract:

roton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are energy conversion devices that directly convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electric energy via an electrochemical reaction. They are environmentally friendly and exhibit fast startup , high efficiency, and high reliability; thus they are being gradually applied for developing new energy-efficient vehicles. In this study, we present a thermodynamic model of a vehicle fuel cell power system. This system comprises a PEMFC stack, an air compressor, a hydrogen circulating pump, a cooling pump, and a humidifier model. Under dynamic conditions, the effects of the energy consumption of the auxiliary equipment on the efficiency of the fuel cell power system are reported. Moreover, we included an analysis of the mapping relationship between the operating parameters such as working temperature; the inlet humidity of the cathode; and the electric power, electric efficiency, and thermal efficiency of the system. Energy consumption of auxiliary equipment and the net output power, electric efficiency, and thermal efficiency of the system at step currents ranging from 180 to 300 A were obtained. The results demonstrate that, in a 30 kW vehicle PEMFC system, the net output power of the system reaches 22.5 kW, and energy losses of the humidifier, cooling pump, air compressor, and hydrogen circulation pump reach 1.78, 2.18, 3.1, and 2.15 kW, respectively. The maximum electric efficiency and thermal efficiency of the system are 41% and 52.1%, respectively.

Key words: PEMFC, dynamic operating conditions, load energy consumption, thermodynamic performance

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