基于双层规划模型的用户侧混合储能优化配置

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用用户侧峰谷电价差，优化配置储能系统并合理调度可降低用电成本。本文提出一种铅酸电池-超级电容混合储能系统的双层规划模型，以储能投资年回报率为外层目标函数，在目标函数中考虑了储能削峰填谷收益、需量防守收益、全生命周期成本等因素；以储能日调度收益为内层目标函数，研究了储能各时段最优充放电功率。在构建混合储能系统模型时，考虑到铅酸电池和超级电容在能量、功率特性上的不同，在约束条件中加入充放电频率约束对不同储能元件日运行充放电次数进行限制。基于某电力用户实际负荷，采用粒子群算法和CPLEX求解器对双层规划模型进行求解，得到混合储能系统的最优配置，验证了混合储能模型在月综合收益、年投资回报率上均优于单独储能系统。

关键词: 混合储能系统, 全生命周期成本, 双层规划, 粒子群算法

Abstract:

Utilizing the peak-to-valley price difference on the user side, optimizing the configuration of energy storage systems and adequate dispatching can reduce the cost of electricity. Herein, we propose a two-level planning model for lead-acid battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems to calculate the annual return on energy storage investment. The outer objective function accounts for factors, such as energy storage peak shaving and valley filling income, demand defense income, and full life-cycle costs. Taking energy storage daily dispatch income as the inner objective function, the optimal energy storage period was studied. Energy storage performance constraints were considered during the development of the model to limit the daily charge and discharge times for different energy storage components according to the various properties of different energy storage components. According to the actual load of users in a certain place, the two-level programming model is solved by particle swarm algorithm and CPLEX solvers. We compare the rated power and capacity configurations of hybrid and single energy storage systems and verify the monthly comprehensive income of the hybrid energy storage model. The annual return on investment for the hybrid energy storage model is better than that of the single energy storage model. Furthermore, we compare the annual return on investment of different types of batteries and give suggestions for energy storage configuration planning.

Key words: hybrid energy storage system, full life-cycle cost, two-level programming, particle swarm algorithm

中图分类号:

TM 711

郭斌, 邢洁, 姚飞, 景小敏. 基于双层规划模型的用户侧混合储能优化配置[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 615-622.

Bin GUO, Jie XING, Fei YAO, Xiaomin JING. Optimal configuration of user-side hybrid energy storage based on bi-level programming model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 615-622.

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指标		本文混合储能系统	铅酸储能
月综合收益/万元		7.68	5.91
全生命周期成本/万元		565	457.6
年投资回报率/%		6.72	4.08
配置容量/kW	铅酸电池	3183	3051
功率/kW	超级电容	942	—

参数	铅酸电池	超级电容器	铁锂电池	全钒液流电池	钠硫电池
功率单价/元·kW^-1	400	1000	600	1085	420
容量单价/元·(kWh)^-1	600	27000	1600	3720	1400
维护单价/元·(kWh)^-1	0.05	0.05	124	124	110

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