碳布电极材料对全钒液流电池性能的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳布电极材料具有价格低廉、孔结构丰富等优点，能够有效促进反应传质过程，在提升电池性能方面具有重要作用，但是对其结构及性能缺少系统性的研究。本工作将多孔碳布用作全钒液流电池电极材料，采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼及压汞仪等表征手段研究了不同电极表面结构和形貌的区别，通过极化曲线和单电池充放电测试手段对其电化学性能进行考察。结果表明，电极碳纤维表面较高的无序化程度，丰富的缺陷位、较高的羰基官能团含量以及孔隙率可以有效增大电极和电解液的有效接触面积，为氧化还原反应提供更多的活性位，促进氧原子从H₂O转移到VO²⁺以及钒离子间的氧化还原反应，从而显著提升全钒液流电池性能。单电池测试结果表明，电池具有较高的功率密度和循环稳定性，在100 mA/cm²电流密度下，其功率密度可提升至686.2 mW/cm²，电池电流效率、电压效率以及能量效率分别可达97.5%、84.6%以及82.4%，且在100～300 mA/cm²放电条件下，表现出良好的充放电性能。

关键词: 全钒液流电池, 碳布电极, 表面结构

Abstract:

Carbon cloth has played a vital role in battery performance evaluations owing to its low price and abundant pore structure that promotes the reaction mass-transfer process. However, the structure and performance of carbon cloth have not been systematically researched. In this work, porous carbon cloth was used as the electrode material in all-vanadium flow batteries. The surface structures and morphologies of different electrodes were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and other characterization methods. Moreover, the electrochemical performances of the batteries were assessed using polarization curves and chargedischarge tests. A high degree of disorder, abundant defects, high surface content of the carbonyl functional group, and high porosity were found to increase the effective contact area between the electrode and electrolyte, provide more active sites in the redox reaction, and promote the oxygen transfer from H₂O to VO²⁺ and the redox reaction between vanadium ions. Consequently, the battery performance was significantly improved. In evaluation tests, the cell delivered high power density and good cycle stability. Under a current density of 100 mA/cm², the cell achieved a power density of 686.2 mW/cm², and its current, voltage, and energy efficiencies were 97.5%, 84.6%, and 82.4%, respectively. Additionally, the chargedischarge performance remained high under 100300 mA/cm² discharge conditions.

Key words: redox flow battery, carbon cloth electrode materials, surface structure

中图分类号:

TK 02

杨虹, 缪平, 刘庆华. 碳布电极材料对全钒液流电池性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 707-713.

YANG Hong, LEMMON John, MIAO Ping, LIU Qinghua. The effect of carbon cloth electrode material on the performance of vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 707-713.

图/表 12

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样品名称	面积质量/g·m^-2	厚度/mm
PXFB PW03	122	0.39
活化PXFB PW03	101	0.36

样品名称	D峰/cm^-1	G峰/cm^-1	R
PXFB PW03	1362	1593	1.11
活化PXFB PW03	1361	1595	1.16

样品名称	C1s /%	—C=O/%	C—OH/%	H₂O%
PXFB PW03	85.47	0.78	12.92	0.83
活化PXFB PW03	89.96	1.38	7.76	0.90

电流密度/mA·cm^-2	效率	样品名称
电流密度/mA·cm^-2	效率	PXFB PW03	活化PXFB PW03
100	电流效率/%	97.8	97.5
	电压效率/%	73.5	84.6
	能量效率/%	71.9	82.4
200	电流效率/%	94.7	95.5
	电压效率/%	64.5	77.0
	能量效率/%	61.1	73.5
300	电流效率/%	90.5	92.5
	电压效率/%	57.0	70.1
	能量效率/%	51.6	64.9

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