储能科学与技术 ›› 2016, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (4): 469-477.doi: 10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.04.009

• 研究及进展 • 上一篇    下一篇

匹配多孔碳负载π共轭聚合物正负电极材料构建有机非对称超级电容器

张  涛，王文强，王庚超   

  1. 华东理工大学材料科学与工程学院，超细材料制备与应用教育部重点实验室，
    上海市先进聚合物材料重点实验室，上海200237
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-18 修回日期:2016-04-15 出版日期:2016-07-01 发布日期:2016-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 王庚超，博士，教授，从事导电与储能材料研究，E-mail：gengchaow@ecust.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:张涛（1990—），女，硕士研究生，从事导电聚合物储能材料研究，E-mail：tzecust09@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（51173042），上海市科委国际合作项目（15520720500）。

Matching the positive and negative electrode based on hierarchical porous carbon supporting π-conjugated polymers composites for asymmetric organic supercapacitor

ZHANG Tao, WANG Wenqiang, WANG Gengchao   

  1. School of Materials Sci. & Eng., Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
  • Received:2016-03-18 Revised:2016-04-15 Online:2016-07-01 Published:2016-07-01

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摘要：

能量密度是制约超级电容器实际应用的关键因素，通过正负电极材料的比电容匹配，构建有机非对称超级电容器是提高能量密度的有效途径。本工作以活化分级孔碳（aHPC）作载体，以β-萘磺酸为软模板和掺杂酸，借助化学氧化聚合方法，分别制备出活化分级孔碳负载聚苯胺（aHPC@PANI）及活化分级孔碳负载聚1,5-二氨基蒽醌（aHPC@PDAA）纳米复合材料。结果显示，两种复合材料均呈现疏松多孔的结构，且聚合物以纳米尺度均匀沉积在活化多孔碳孔壁内外，这对提高活性物质利用率及其倍率性能十分有利。在1 A/g电流密度下，aHPC@PANI正极材料与aHPC@PDAA负极材料的比容量，分别达256.7 F/g（–0.6～0.8 V）及253 F/g（–2～-0.6 V）。所组装的aHPC@PANI//Et 4NBF4-AN//aHPC@PDAA有机非对称超级电容器呈现宽的电位窗口（2.8 V），高的能量密度（65 W·h/kg，1.38 kW/kg，基于aHPC@PANI和aHPC@PDAA总质量）及优异的循环稳定性（循环5000次后其容量保持率高达90.2%）。

关键词: 活化多孔碳, 聚苯胺, 聚氨基蒽醌, 非对称超级电容器, 有机电解液

Abstract:

The practical application of supercapacitors has been limited by the energy density, which could be effectively improved by matching the specific capacitance between the positive and negative electrode and designing an asymmetric organic supercapacitor. Herein, we synthesis activated hierarchical porous carbon (aHPC) supported polyaniline (aHPC@PANI) and aHPC supported poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (aHPC@PDAA) nanocomposites by an in-situ chemical polymerization method with aHPC as scaffolds and β-naphthalenesulfonic acid (β-NSA) as both soft-template and doping acid. As a result, both aHPC@PDAA and aHPC@PANI composites exhibit loose and porous structure with polymer nanoparticles deposited evenly on the aHPC surface, which are beneficial for the utilization and rate performance of active materials. Moreover, aHPC@PANI is used for the positive electrode, which delivers the specific capacitance of 256.7 F·g–1 at a current density of 1 A·g–1 (-0.6~0.8 V). And the negative electrode is based on the aHPC@PDAA, and its specific capacitance is 253 F·g–1 at 1 A·g –1(–2～–0.6 V). The as-assembled aHPC@PANI//Et4NBF4-AN//aHPC@PDAA asymmetric organic supercapacitor achieves wide potential window (2.8 V), high energy density (65 W·h·kg–1, 1.38 kW·kg–1, based on total mass of aHPC@PANI and aHPC@PDAA), and excellent cycling stability (the capacitance retention is 90.2% after 5000 cycles).

Key words: activated hierarchical porous carbon, polyaniline, polyaminoanthraquinone, asymmetric supercapacitor, organic electrolyte