基于变分模态分解的混合储能容量优化配置

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受光照强度、温度等影响，光伏发电具有随机性和间歇性，使光伏输出功率具有较大波动，影响电网的安全运行。针对光伏发电功率波动率较大这一情况，以蓄电池和超级电容器组成的混合储能系统为研究对象对光伏功率波动进行平抑，提出基于变分模态分解的功率分配方法，结合光伏功率波动率和储能响应特性，将光伏功率划分为符合国家标准的并网功率和高、低补偿功率，高、低补偿功率分别由超级电容器和蓄电池补偿，建立以混合储能系统年综合成本最小为目标函数的容量优化配置模型，考虑功率平衡、充放电功率限制及荷电状态等约束条件，采用对适应度值进行高斯加权的改进粒子群算法求解，得到满足系统补偿要求的储能设备的容量配置，实现混合储能系统的年综合成本最小化。通过算例，对比分析变分模态分解和经验模态分解两种分配方法的混合储能容量配置和成本，同时对比分析基于变分模态分解的混合储能和单一储能的容量配置结果和成本，结果表明所提方法平抑了光伏功率波动，降低了储能的容量和年综合成本，提高了系统的可靠性和经济性。

关键词: 差额功率, 波动率, 变分模态分解, 混合储能, 容量配置优化

Abstract:

The variations in light intensity and temperature induce the photovoltaic power generation to become random and intermittent, causing the photovoltaic output power to fluctuate considerably and affecting the safe operation of the power grid. Thus, a hybrid energy storage system comprising a storage battery and supercapacitor is investigated to reduce photovoltaic power fluctuation. This study proposes a power allocation method for variational mode decomposition. Combined with the photovoltaic power volatility and energy storage response characteristics, the photovoltaic power is classified as grid-connected power, which satisfies the national standard, and high and low compensation power; supercapacitors and batteries are used to provide high and low compensation power. A capacity optimization configuration model is established by considering the minimum annual comprehensive cost of the hybrid energy storage system as the objective function. Considering constraints, including the power balance, charge and discharge power limitation, and state of charge, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the Gaussian weighting of fitness values is used. The capacity configuration of energy storage equipment that meets the system compensation requirements is obtained, and the annual comprehensive cost of the hybrid energy storage system is minimized. Using this example, the mixed storage capacity allocations and costs of variational and empirical mode decomposition are compared and analyzed, and the capacity allocation results of mixed and single energy storage based on variational mode decomposition are compared and analyzed. The proposed method can suppress photovoltaic power fluctuation, reduce the energy storage capacity and annual comprehensive cost, and improve the system reliability and economy.

Key words: differential power, fluctuation rate, variational mode decomposition, hybrid energy storage, capacity allocation

中图分类号:

TM 615

张梦田, 田书, 曾志辉. 基于变分模态分解的混合储能容量优化配置[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(1): 170-177.

ZHANG Mengtian, TIAN Shu, ZENG Zhihui. Optimal allocation of hybrid energy storage capacity based on variational mode decomposition[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(1): 170-177.

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电站类型	十分钟内最大波动/MW	一分钟内最大波动/MW
小型	装机容量	0.2
中型	装机容量	装机容量/5
大型	装机容量/3	装机容量/10

性能指标	蓄电池	超级电容器
功率成本系数/元·kW^-1	1500	1500
容量成本系数/元·（kW·h)^-1	1000	27000
运维成本系数/元·(kW·h)^-1	0.05	0.05
充放电效率/%	80	90
SOC上下限	（0.2 0.8）	（0.05 0.95）
贴现率/%	10	10

分解方法	储能类型	额定功率/kW	额定容量/kW·h	成本/元
EMD	蓄电池	36.41	87.93	51309
EMD	超级电容器	34.19	12.76	51309
VMD	蓄电池	32.67	82.56	46962
VMD	超级电容器	31.65	11.49	46962

项目	蓄电池	超级电容器	混合储能
P_B/kW	44.73	—	32.67
E_B/kW·h	106.28	—	82.56
P_C/kW	—	38.71	31.65
E_C/kW·h	—	26.79	11.49
成本/元	55157	56359	46962

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