双层结构预制舱式磷酸铁锂储能电站热失控气体爆炸模拟

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0087

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双层结构预制舱式储能可以有效节约储能占地面积，适用于在土地资源紧张的区域应用。然而，这种储能形式单位面积电池容量加倍，在热失控等极端条件下的安全性面临严峻考验。利用气体爆炸数值模拟方法，研究双层结构预制舱式磷酸铁锂储能电站热失控气体爆炸后果。首先，对双层结构预制舱式储能进行介绍；然后，通过爆炸模拟软件FLACS建立双层预制舱式储能电站简化模型；最后，以锂离子电池过充热失控引发的汽化电解液为燃料，仿真研究了双层预制储能舱的热失控燃烧爆炸特性。研究表明：双层储能舱内部气体爆炸产生的冲击波在打开泄压孔后向四周扩散，冲击周围相邻储能舱，有引起连环爆炸的危险；相比于下层储能舱爆炸，上层储能舱泄压孔打开后空间开阔，泄压降温效果更为显著，爆炸产生的高温和超压冲击效果较差。本文的研究成果可以为双层结构预制舱式储能电站安全消防设计提供理论和数据支撑。

关键词: 双层预制舱, 储能电站, 爆炸事故, 超压, FLACS

Abstract:

The prefabricated cabin energy storage with a double-layer structure can effectively minimize floor space, and is suitable for applications in areas with limited land resources. However, this form of energy storage doubles the battery capacity per unit area, and its safety under extreme conditions such as thermal runaway is severely tested. In this study, a numerical simulation method of a gas explosion is used to investigate the consequences of thermal runaway gas explosion in a double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station. First, the double-layer structure prefabricated cabin energy storage is introduced; then, a simplified model of the double-layer prefabricated cabin energy-storage power station is established using the explosion simulation software FLACS; finally, the vaporized electrolyte caused by the lithium-ion battery′s thermal runaway is used as the fuel, and the thermal runaway combustion and explosion characteristics of the double-layer prefabricated energy storage tank were simulated and studied. The study shows that the shock wave generated by the gas explosion in the double-layer energy storage cabin spreads to the surroundings when the pressure relief hole is opened, and impacts the adjacent energy storage cabins, which may result in several explosions. Compared with the lower energy storage cabin's explosion, that of the upper storage energy storage is low. Space is open after the cabin pressure relief hole is opened, the pressure relief cooling effect is more significant, and the high temperature and overpressure shock effect caused by the explosion is low. The results of this study can provide theoretical and data support for the safety and fire protection design of a prefabricated cabin energy-storage power station with a double-layer structure.

Key words: double-layer prefabricated cabin, energy storage power station, explosion accident, overpressure, FLACS

中图分类号:

X 928.7

尹康涌, 陶风波, 梁伟, 牛志远. 双层结构预制舱式磷酸铁锂储能电站热失控气体爆炸模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(8): 2488-2496.

Kangyong YIN, Fengbo TAO, Wei LIANG, Zhiyuan NIU. Simulation of thermal runaway gas explosion in double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2488-2496.

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序号	尺寸/m²	开启方向	开启压力/kPa
P1	2×2.2	+X	20
P2	2×2.2	-X	20
P3	2×2.2	+Y	20
P4	2×2.2	+Y	20
P5	0.8×0.6	+Y	3
P6	0.8×0.6	+Y	3
P7	0.8×0.6	-Y	3
P8	0.8×0.6	-Y	3

参数	数值
环境温度	20 ℃
环境压力	101.325 kPa(大气压)
风速	0
边界条件	Euler方程
湍流模型	k-ε标准模型
空气成分	20.95%O₂+79.05%N₂标准气体

爆炸类型	储能舱内最高温度/K	M3最高温度/K	M4最高温度/K	储能舱内最高超压/kPa	M3最高超压/kPa	M4最高超压/kPa
双层爆炸(无氢气)	2123	1904	1206	38.6	8.20	2.59
双层爆炸(有氢气)	2238	1931	760	78	15.68	4.88
下层爆炸	2119	1860	1167	38.04	8.24	1.76
上层爆炸	2112	294	356	32.89	2.4	2.4

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