基于壅塞流的动力电池防爆阀泄压特性的动态仿真

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0442

储能科学与技术

基于壅塞流的动力电池防爆阀泄压特性的动态仿真

厉运杰,张光雨,祝维文,闵远远,饶成飞,孙言飞,徐庆庆

合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司安徽合肥 230012

收稿日期:2022-08-08 修回日期:2022-10-11
通讯作者: 张光雨 E-mail:zhangguangyu@gotion.com.cn
作者简介:厉运杰（1985—），男，博士，主要从事动力电池安全机理研究，E-mail：liyunjie@gotion.com.cn；
基金资助:
无

The dynamic simulation of pressure relief characteristics of the power battery vent based on choking flow

LI Yunjie,ZHANG Guangyu,ZHU Weiwen,Min Yuanyuan,RAO Chengfei,SUN Yanfei,XU Qingqing

HEFEI GOTION HIGH-TECH POWER ENERGY CO.,LTD, Hefei 230012, Anhui,China

Received:2022-08-08 Revised:2022-10-11
Contact: ZHANG Guangyu E-mail:zhangguangyu@gotion.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 防爆阀作为缓解电池系统热失控的被动安全措施，在电芯设计中扮演一个非常重要的角色，防爆阀的开启压力、阀体面积及阀体位置对电芯热失控后的泄压过程有着重要影响。本文主要介绍了动力电池热失控后产热产气导致防爆阀开启的泄压过程，通过理论计算、实验测试及仿真分析相结合的方式，对防爆阀的泄压特性进行了系统阐述与分析。首先基于流体力学基本原理和方程从理论上对防爆阀的泄压过程进行了分析，阐述了电芯热失控过程中防爆阀开启后的泄压壅塞流基本状态；其次通过开展无阀电芯的加热热失控和过充热失控两类实验，实验中实时监测了电芯热失控过程中卷芯的温度和电芯的内压，从而得到电芯热失控过程中防爆阀开启前电芯的产热产气速率；最后对电芯的产热产气及泄压过程进行了仿真，基于COMSOL软件，建立了动力电池防爆阀泄压过程的系统模型，且对防爆阀的开启压力、阀体面积及阀体位置等影响因素进行了归类仿真分析，并与实验数据进行了对比验证，得到了较为优化的防爆阀结构设计，为动力电池优化设计提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 动力电池, , 防爆阀, , 壅塞流, , 动态仿真, , 泄压特性

Abstract: As a passive safety measure to alleviate the thermal runaway of the battery system, the vent plays a very important role in the cell design. The opening pressure, area and position of the vent have an important impact on the pressure relief process after the thermal runaway of the cell. This paper mainly introduces the pressure relief process of the vent opening caused by heat and gas production after the cell thermal runaway. Through theoretical calculation, experimental test and simulation analysis, the pressure relief characteristics of the vent are systematically described and analyzed. Firstly, the pressure relief process of the vent is analyzed theoretically based on the basic principles and equations of fluid mechanics, and the basic state of the pressure relief choke flow after the vent is opened in the process of thermal runaway is expounded; Secondly, by carrying out two kinds of experiments of heating thermal runaway and overcharging thermal runaway of the cell, the temperature of the jerry roll(JR) and the internal pressure of the cell were monitored in real time, so as to obtain the heat and gas production rate before the vent was opened; Finally, the process of heat production, gas production and pressure relief of the cell is simulated. Based on COMSOL, system model of the pressure relief of the vent is established, and the influencing factors such as the opening pressure, the area and the position of the vent are classified and simulated. Also,the simulation results are compared with the experimental test data. A more optimized structure design of the vent is obtained, which provides a certain reference for the optimal design of the power battery.

Key words: The power battery, , vent, , choking flow, , dynamic simulation, , pressure relief characteristics

中图分类号:

厉运杰, 张光雨, 祝维文, 闵远远, 饶成飞, 孙言飞, 徐庆庆. 基于壅塞流的动力电池防爆阀泄压特性的动态仿真[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0442.

LI Yunjie, ZHANG Guangyu, ZHU Weiwen, Min Yuanyuan, RAO Chengfei, SUN Yanfei, XU Qingqing. The dynamic simulation of pressure relief characteristics of the power battery vent based on choking flow[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0442.

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