储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 688-698.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0652

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

含齿轮变速与链式传动机构的斜坡重力储能系统能效分析模型与实验验证

高天1(), 王祖凡1, 方舒扬1, 张佑康1, 张连成2, 黄永章1, 赵海森1()   

  1. 1.华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院，北京 102206
    2.北华航天工业学院电子与控制工程学院，河北 廊坊 065000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 赵海森 E-mail:goghti0622@163.com;zhaohisen@163.com
  • 作者简介:高天（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为重力储能能效分析及优化，E-mail：goghti0622@163.com；
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网公司总部科技项目(5419-202240053A-1-1-ZN)

Energy efficiency analysis model and experimental verification of gravity energy storage system with gear box and chain transmission mechanisms

Tian GAO1(), Zufan WANG1, Shuyang FANG1, Youkang ZHANG1, Liancheng ZHANG2, Yongzhang HUANG1, Haisen ZHAO1()   

  1. 1.School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
    2.School of Electronic and Control Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China
  • Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-07-29 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-18
  • Contact: Haisen ZHAO E-mail:goghti0622@163.com;zhaohisen@163.com

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摘要：

为了研究传送链式斜坡重力储能系统(transmission chain slope gravity energy storage system，TCS-GESS)充放电过程的能量转换效率及各环节损耗占比，针对系统质量块移动、机械传动以及电气驱动环节，推导了各环节损耗数学表达式及相应的能效计算方法，在此基础上，建立了基于MATLAB/Simulink的TCS-GESS能效分析模型。以一套2.2 kW重力储能样机为例，设计了充放电工况下的实验方案并实测了不同负载条件下系统各环节能效，从速度、机械功率、充放电功率、传动损耗以及电机损耗五个维度与能效计算结果进行对比，验证了能效分析模型的准确性与实用性。结果显示，随负载增加系统效率逐渐提高，其中链条损耗占比较大，齿轮箱和齿轮盘损耗变化不大且占比较小，电机损耗占比中等且充/放电工况下随着加载均有所增加。额定负载工况下充放电效率分别为59.5%和37.4%，系统效率为23.2%；进一步对具有相同传动机构、不同功率等级下重力储能系统充放电效率进行预测，结果表明系统容量低于1 MW时充放电效率将低于68%，容量高于10 MW时系统能效提升潜力有限，即采用文中传动机构的重力储能单机系统最佳功率范围宜选取在1～10 MW。

关键词: 重力储能系统(GESS), 链式传动, 损耗计算, 能效模型

Abstract:

To study the energy efficiency and the loss proportion of each link in the charging and discharging process of the transmission chain slope gravity energy storage system (TCS-GESS), the mathematical expression of each link loss and the corresponding energy efficiency calculation method were derived for the mass block movement, mechanical transmission, and electrical driving links of the system. Furthermore, an energy efficiency analysis model for TCS-GESS using MATLAB/Simulink was established. An experimental scheme was designed under charging and discharging conditions and measured the energy efficiency of each link of the system under different load conditions using a 2.2 kW gravity energy storage prototype. The accuracy and practicability of the energy efficiency analysis model were verified by comparing the results of the energy efficiency calculated with the five dimensions of speed, mechanical power, charging and discharging power, transmission loss, and motor loss. The results show that the system efficiency gradually increases with an increase in load. Among them, the chain loss accounts for a large proportion of each loss link. The loss of gearbox and gear plate was not significantly altered and accounts for a small proportion. The motor loss accounts for a medium proportion and increases as the load increases under charging and discharging conditions. Under rated load conditions, the charge and discharge efficiencies were 59.5% and 37.4%, respectively, and the system efficiency was 23.2%. Furthermore, the charging and discharging efficiency of the GESS with the same transmission mechanism and different rated powers was predicted. The results indicate that the charging and discharging efficiency was <68% when the system capacity was <1 MW, and the energy efficiency improvement potential of the system was limited when the capacity was >10 MW. Based on the findings from this study, this paper recommends selecting the optimal power range for a GESS utilizing the same transmission mechanism within the range of 1—10 MW.

Key words: gravity energy storage system (GESS), chain transmission, loss calculation, energy efficiency model

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