基于高孔隙率泡沫金属的偏心管式复合相变储热单元储热性能数值模拟

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.1080

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效提高相变储热单元的储热性能，本文利用数值模拟方法对填充泡沫金属-石蜡复合相变材料的偏心式三管相变储热器进行熔化性能及结构改进研究，重点分析了偏心率、换热温差(ΔT，传热流体温度与相变温度之差)及泡沫金属孔密度对储热性能的影响。研究结果表明，偏心率H对三管储热器的储热性能有显著影响，低正偏心率时结构顶、底部熔化协同性好。此外，相变材料的熔化速率随着偏心率增加先增大后减小，最优偏心率为2/15。与同心管结构相比，其完全熔化时间缩短12.36%。此外，与同心管结构相比，当H≤-1/15或H≥4/15时，偏心设置均会起到抑制传热作用。提高换热温差能显著提高传热速率，且随着换热温差持续增加，其单位温差对熔化的促进作用在缓慢衰减，综合来看，换热温差为10 ℃时，其换热效果较好。针对偏心率H=0、2/15和-4/15三种结构的储热器，换热温差由5 ℃升至20 ℃，完全熔化时间优化率提高了58.30%、59.62%和54.15%。减小孔密度有利于增强相变材料熔化过程中的自然对流传热，当ΔT=10 ℃且偏心率为2/15时，偏心管结构孔密度由50PPI(1 in的平均孔数，1 in=2.54 cm)减小至30PPI，熔化时间优化率4.52%。

关键词: 偏心管储热装置, 相变材料, 金属泡沫, 传热增强, 数值模拟

Abstract:

To effectively enhance the thermal storage performance of phase change thermal storage units, this study employs numerical simulation methods to analyze the melting performance and structural optimization of an eccentric three-tube phase change thermal storage unit filled with composite phase change materials (PCMs)/ metal foam. The study examines the effects of three key factors: eccentricity, the temperature difference between the heat transfer fluid and the phase transition temperature (ΔT),and the pore density of the metal foam on thermal energy storage performance. The results reveal that eccentricity plays a critical role in the thermal storage performance of the three-tube heat reservoir. The melting synergy between the top and bottom regions of the structure is optimal when the positive eccentricity is low. In addition, the melting rate of PCMs increases first and then decreases as eccentricity rises, with the optimal eccentricity determined to be 2/15. Under this condition, the complete melting time is shortened by 12.36% compared to a concentric tube structure. However, at eccentricities of H≤-1/15 or H≥4/15, the eccentric setting inhibits heat transfer compared to the concentric tube structure. Further findings indicate that increasing ΔT significantly improves thermal storage efficiency. The optimal ΔT for different eccentric structures is identified as 10 ℃. Reducing the pore density of the metal foam improves natural convection heat transfer within the pores during the PCM melting process. With ΔT=10 ℃ and an eccentricity of 2/15, reducing the pore density from 50 PPI to 30 PPI increases the melting rate by 4.52%.

Key words: eccentric tube thermal storage unit, phase change materials, metal foam, heat transfer enhancement, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 02

李一鸣, 严景好, 席丽娜, 孙晓兵, 刘鸣皋, 李杰, 孙小琴. 基于高孔隙率泡沫金属的偏心管式复合相变储热单元储热性能数值模拟[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(5): 1931-1942.

Yiming LI, Jinghao YAN, Li'na XI, Xiaobing SUN, Minggao LIU, Jie LI, Xiaoqin SUN. Numerical simulation study on the thermal storage performance of eccentric tubular phase change thermal storage units filled with composite phase change materials/metal foam[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1931-1942.

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材料	参数	数值
石蜡RT82	比热容/[kJ/(kg∙℃)]	2
	密度/(kg/m³)	770
	热导率/[W/(m∙℃)]	0.2
	黏度/[kg/(m∙s)]	0.03499
	热膨胀系数/℃^-1	0.001
	潜热/(kJ/kg)	176
	固相温度/℃	77
	液相温度/℃	85

铜	比热容/[kJ/(kg∙℃)]	0.38
	密度/(kg/m³)	8920
	热导率/[W/(m∙℃)]	400

工况编号	换热温差	偏心率H
Case5	5 ℃	0 2/15 -4/15 0 2/15 -4/15 0 2/15 -4/15
Case7	5 ℃
Case1	5 ℃
Case10	10 ℃
Case11	10 ℃
Case12	10 ℃
Case13	15℃
Case14	15 ℃
Case15	15 ℃
Case16	20 ℃	0
Case17	20 ℃	2/15
Case18	20 ℃	-4/15

工况编号	完全熔化时间/s	储能时间优化率/%
Case5	10065	0
Case10	6601	34.42
Case13	5067	49.66
Case16	4197	58.30
Case7	8821	0
Case11	5651	35.94
Case14	4327	50.95
Case17	3562	59.62
Case1	13104	0
Case12	8941	31.77
Case15	7221	45.66
Case18	6008	54.15

单位温升范围/℃	偏心率H	储能时间优化率/%
5→10	0	34.42
5→10	2/15	23.24
5→10	-4/15	17.17
10→15	0	35.94
10→15	2/15	23.43
10→15	-4/15	17.68
15→20	0	31.77
15→20	2/15	20.36
15→20	-4/15	15.63

工况编号	完全熔化时间/s	储能时间优化率/%
Case19	6740	0
Case10	6601	2.06
Case22	6274	6.91
Case20	5949	0
Case11	5651	4.49
Case23	5680	4.52
Case21	9483	0
Case12	8941	5.72
Case24	8422	11.19