硅/活性炭复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0233

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以纳米硅作为硅源，苯胺作为碳源，通过原位聚合结合炭化合成硅/炭复合材料，接着通过水蒸气物理活化得到硅/活性炭复合物。使用XRD、N₂吸附法、透射电镜以及半电池充放电测试等方法对硅/活性炭复合材料的结构和锂电池性能进行分析。实验数据表明：水蒸气活化温度与活化时间分别为750 °C和 20 min时，得到的硅/活性炭复合材料表现出比硅/炭复合材料更好的倍率和循环性能，该样品在100、200、300和500 mA/g电流密度下的克容量分别为2860、2482、2212和1933 mA·h/g，当电流密度达到1000 mA/g时，克容量仍有1505 mA·h/g，而当电流密度降低为100 mA/g时，材料的克容量恢复到2554 mA·h/g，保持率为89.3%，反映了良好的倍率性能。

关键词: 硅/活性炭复合物, 电化学性能, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

Silicon/carbon (Si/C) composites were prepared from nano silicon and aniline by in-situ polymerization and carbonization. After further H₂O steam activation, the Si/AC composites were obtained. The microstructure and electrochemical performances of the as-prepared Si/AC composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ isotherm adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, and galvanostatic chargedischarge measurement. The results show that when the activation temperature was 750°C and the activation time was 20 min, the obtained Si/AC composites showed a better high-rate and cycling performance than the Si/C composites. The specific capacities of the Si/AC 20 composites are 2860, 2482, 2212, and 1933 mA·h/g at the current densities of 100, 200, 300 and 500 mA/g. Moreover, the specific capacity is still as high as 1505 mA·h/g at the current density of 1000 mA/g. When the current density returns to 100 mA/g, the discharge specific capacity recovers to 2554 mA·h/g, with a capacity retention ratio of 89.3%.

Key words: Si/activated carbon composites, electrochemical performances, lithium-ion batteries

中图分类号:

O 646

王瑨, 王建全, 阮殿波, 谢皎, 杨斌. 硅/活性炭复合材料的制备及其电化学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(1): 104-110.

Jin WANG, Jianquan WANG, Dianbo RUAN, Jiao XIE, Bin YANG. Preparation and electrochemical performances of Si/activated carbon composites[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(1): 104-110.

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样品名	活性物质重量	极片面密度	首次放电比容量	首次充电比容量	首次面容量	库仑效率/%
	/mg	/g·m^-2	/mA·h·g^-1	/mA·h·g^-1	/A·h·m^-2	第1周	第10周	第100周
Si	2.43	18.32	2055.96	1288.23	23.60	62.66	96.11	97.74
PANI-C	4.02	30.30	532.95	422.92	12.82	79.35	99.54	98.98
Si/C	4.05	30.53	2541.75	2042.97	62.37	80.38	97.39	98.32
Si/AC20	3.85	29.02	2996.23	2360.11	68.49	78.77	98.71	98.83
Si/AC60	3.72	28.04	1903.15	1354.57	37.98	71.18	98.13	98.57

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