十水硫酸钠相变储能材料研究进展

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

十水硫酸钠(sodium sulfate decahydrate，SSD)具有适宜的相变温度(2.4 ℃)、较高的相变潜热值(大于200 J/g)、价格低廉、来源广和安全无毒等优点，是一种广受关注的无机水合盐相变材料。然而，在应用过程中存在过冷度大、相分离严重及泄漏等问题。本文综述了近年来解决上述问题的研究进展、共晶盐相变材料的制备及相关应用，并对后续的研究方向做了如下展望：在降低过冷度方面，采用硼砂、制备共晶盐或添加外场扰动的方式来改善过冷；在抑制相分离方面，采用高导热的多孔材料吸附相变材料，利用真空浸渍法制备定型相变材料的方法来改善或消除相分离现象；在共晶盐材料方面，可以绘制二元相图，寻找新型共晶相变材料进行研究，尤其是目前结合较少的有机相变材料；在应用方面，注重结合十水硫酸钠相变储能装置和系统进行研究并拓宽其应用范围。

关键词: 十水硫酸钠, 过冷, 相分离, 定型相变材料, 共晶盐

Abstract:

Sodium sulfate decahydrate is a popular inorganic hydrated salt phase change material because of its suitable phase change temperature (32.4 ℃), high latent heat of phase change value (>200 J/g), low price, wide source, safety and non-toxicity. However, there are problems such as large subcooling, severe phase separation and leakage in the application process. This paper reviews the research progress in recent years to solve the above problems, the preparation of eutectic salt phase change materials and related applications, and makes the following outlook on the subsequent research directions: in terms of reducing the subcooling degree, use of borax, preparation of eutectic salts or addition of external field perturbation to improve subcooling; in terms of suppressing phase separation, highly thermally conductive porous materials can be used to adsorb phase change materials, and the method of preparing stereotyped phase change materials by vacuum impregnation can be used to improve or eliminate the phase separation phenomenon; in terms of eutectic salt materials, binary phase diagrams can be drawn to find new eutectic phase change materials for research, especially organic phase change materials that are currently less combined; in terms of applications, focus on researching and broadening the scope of application in conjunction with sodium decahydrate sulfate phase change energy storage devices and systems.

Key words: sodium sulfate decahydrate, supercooling, phase separation, form-stable phase-change materials, eutectic salt

中图分类号:

TQ 050.4

喻彩梅, 章学来, 华维三. 十水硫酸钠相变储能材料研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(3): 1016-1024.

Caimei YU, Xuelai ZHANG, Weisan HUA. Research progress of sodium sulfate decahydrate phase changematerial[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1016-1024.

图/表 6

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熔点/℃	相变潜热值 /J?g^-1	固体导热系数 /W?( m?℃)^-1	固相比热容 /kJ?(kg?K)^-1	参考文献
32.4	251.2	0.5	—	[13]
32.4	241	0.544	1.7	[14]

十水硫酸钠相变储热体系 (不同增稠剂体系)	体系增稠效果 (关于使用效果的描述)
丙烯酸系	收集产品后，静置，1 h后明显分层
聚丙烯酸系	收集产品后，静置，5 h后明显分层，效果不理想
丙烯酰胺系	不同时间取样，48 h后普遍有沉淀现象出现
聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺系	不同质量配比，收集产品静置，短时间内没有明显分层，能一定程度上解决分层现象，经熔冻循环后比较容易分层
丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺系	没有黏稠感，分层，效果不理想
聚丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺系	刚收集的样品外观上浓稠均匀，经熔冻循环后易分层
明胶系	明胶难溶解，收集产品放置，溶液上下层不均匀，上层液稍清，下层黏稠，第二天明显分层
CMC 系	收集产品放置稳定，经熔冻循环后轻微分层
聚丙烯酰胺系	样品外观上浓稠、均匀，经熔冻循环后不分层，比较理想
可溶性淀粉系	放置几天不分层，经熔冻循环后微微分层
蔗糖系	不稳定，静置几天后出现分层
活性白土系	样品均匀黏稠，经熔冻循环后不分层

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