压缩空气储能系统释能环节轴系建模与振荡分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0443

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

压缩空气储能系统因其具有容量大、寿命长、响应快和调节灵活的特点，有着广阔的应用前景。压缩空气储能的释能环节作为气体压力能向机械能转化并最终产生电能的中间环节，其轴系建模与稳定机理与传统发电机组、风力机组、微型燃气轮机等均存在不同之处。为了研究压缩空气储能系统的轴系振荡特性以进一步分析储能并网后电力系统的稳定性问题，重点介绍了一种典型的四级膨胀压缩空气储能系统释能环节结构，建立了其轴系分段集中质量弹簧模型，并推导了相应的轴系标幺模型。对一个10 MW级压缩空气储能系统进行了轴系固有特性分析，得到了其固有振荡频率和振荡模态，并从电网侧和膨胀机侧分别进行了轴系稳定性分析。基于轴系振荡特性，将系统潜在振荡形式分为冲击性振荡、次同步振荡和超同步振荡三类，对各类振荡形式进行了机理分析和仿真验证，仿真结果表明，CAES释能环节轴系存在多种潜在振荡形式，并根据各类振荡的特性提出了对应的抑制策略。

关键词: 压缩空气储能系统, 电力系统稳定性, 轴系振荡模态, 振荡形式, 抑制策略

Abstract:

The compressed air energy storage (CAES) system has broad application prospects with the characteristics of large capacity, extended cycle life, fast response, and flexible adjustment. The expansion process of a compressed air storage system is the intermediary process from pressure energy to mechanical energy and electricity. The shaft modeling and oscillation analysis are different from traditional synchronous generating units, wind turbines, and micro gas turbines. To study the shaft oscillation characteristics of CAES for analyzing the power system stability, this study focuses on a typical four-stage expansion CAES power generation system structure, establishes a segmented concentrated mass spring model of its shaft, and derives a system shafting standard model. For a certain example system with a capacity of 10 MW, the inherent characteristics of the shafting system were evaluated, and the natural oscillation frequency and oscillation mode were obtained. The stability analysis of the shafting system was performed from the grid side and the expander side, respectively. Based on the oscillation characteristics of the shafting system, the potential oscillation forms of the system are categorized into three types: shock oscillation, sub-synchronous oscillation, and super-synchronous oscillation. Principle analysis and simulation verification of each oscillation type are performed, and the corresponding suppression method is proposed according to the characteristics of each oscillation type.

Key words: compressed air energy storage system, power system stability, modelling of the shafting system, shaft torsional oscillation, suppression strategy

中图分类号:

TK 02

刘迪, 张甜甜, 彭宇维, 唐晓梅, 王丹, 毛承雄. 压缩空气储能系统释能环节轴系建模与振荡分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 563-572.

Di LIU, Tiantian ZHANG, Yuwei PENG, Xiaomei TANG, Dan WANG, Chengxiong MAO. Shaft modeling and oscillation analysis for expansion process of compressed air energy storage system[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 563-572.

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质量块	转动惯量/[J/(kg·m²)]	惯性时间常数M^*/s
#1	70.08	15.3703
#2	73	7.8452
#3	78.84	2.7666
#4	105.12	1.4410
GEAR	763.51	0.9421
GEN	2365	2.9177

轴段	刚度系数K/(N·m/rad)	刚度系数K^*/(pu torque/rad)
#1-GEAR	4.08×10⁶	854.5132
#2-GEAR	4.08×10⁶	598.1592
#3-GEAR	2.04×10⁶	170.9026
#4-GEAR	2.04×10⁶	106.8142
GEN-GEAR	2.448×10⁶	38.4531

固有振荡频率/Hz	#1	#2	#3	#4	GEAR	GEN
5.37	-1.37	-0.96	-0.56	-0.36	-0.10	1
22.50	-372	-266	-429	2055	-18.30	1
26.43	-650	-472	2081	203	-25.64	1
37.88	-26728	36516	241	93.31	-53.74	1
200.00	778	522	135	63	-1525	1

固有振荡频率/Hz	T_t1	T_t2	T_t3	T_t4	T_t5
5.37	42	36.2	27.3	21.8	47.4
22.50	-8.17	-13.8	-13.9	-1.85	-25.3
26.43	5.69	0.182	8.87	-12.9	-28.4
37.88	-0.39	-0.419	-48.2	-58	-34.6
200.00	1.64	-4.57	-20.5	-28.7	-48

输入量	主导模态/Hz	次主导模态/Hz
T_em T_m1	5.37 37.88	26.43 26.43
T_m2	37.88	26.43
T_m3	26.43	22.50
T_m4	22.50	26.43