钠离子电池的电解质

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为一种新型的储能电池体系，钠离子电池具有资源丰富、成本低、比容量较高等优点，近年来引起了全世界范围内的广泛关注。电解质是制备高性能，长循环寿命，安全性良好的钠离子电池的关键材料之一。本文简要介绍有机电解质、水系电解质、离子液体电解质、固体聚合物电解质、无机固态复合电解质和凝胶态聚合物电解质等体系在钠离子电池中的研究进展，讨论这些电解质体系的电导率、电化学窗口、热稳定性等特点。目前应用在钠离子电池中较为成熟的是有机电解质，展现了良好的综合性能，但安全性仍有待改善。而安全性能较好的离子液体电解质、固体电解质及凝胶态电解质还有许多基础科学需要探索，并且需要考虑成本、电导率、机械强度等诸多因素。基于上述评述，展望了钠离子电池电解质的未来发展。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 液体电解质, 离子液体, 固态电解质, 凝胶电解质

Abstract:

As a novel generation of energy storage battery system, sodium-ion batteries have rapidly captured much attention due to its abundant resources, low cost, high energy density. Electrolyte plays an important role in making sodium-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycling life and high security. The research of organic electrolyte, aqueous electrolyte, ionic liquid electrolyte, polymer gel electrolyte, polymer solid electrolyte and inorganic solid composite electrolyte was reviewed and the ionic conductivity, electrochemical window and thermal stability of these electrolytes were discussed. So far, organic electrolyte is widely used in sodium-ion batteries, exhibiting good electrochemical performances, whose safety still needs improvement. For ionic liquid electrolyte, solid electrolyte and gel electrolyte with better safety, there are still many fundamental issues to be understood; and some problems, such as cost, ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, are to be optimized. Furthermore, prospective of the development of sodium-ion battery electrolyte is put forward.

Key words: sodium-ion battery, liquid electrolyte, ionic liquid, solid electrolyte, gel electrolyte

朱娜，吴锋，吴川，白莹，李翌通. 钠离子电池的电解质[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(3): 285-291.

ZHU Na, WU Feng, WU Chuan, BAI Ying, LI Yitong. Recent advances of electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(3): 285-291.

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