接入交流电网的构网型储能变流器阻抗建模及稳定性分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0191

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 3434-3443.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0191

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇

接入交流电网的构网型储能变流器阻抗建模及稳定性分析

宾子君¹(), 孔祥平¹, 黄云辉²(), 王继祥², 齐贝贝¹, 蒋昊²

^1.国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，江苏南京 211103
^2.武汉理工大学，湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2025-03-03 修回日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-09-05
通讯作者: 黄云辉 E-mail:binzijun@gmail.com;h.yunhui@whut.edu.cn
作者简介:宾子君（1991—），男，博士，工程师，研究方向为海上风电保护与控制、直流控制保护技术等，E-mail：binzijun@gmail.com；
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司科技项目(5200-202356483A-3-2-ZN)

Modeling and stability analysis of grid-forming energy storage converter connected to AC power grid

Zijun BIN¹(), Xiangping KONG¹, Yunhui HUANG²(), Jixiang WANG², Beibei QI¹, Hao JIANG²

^1.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing 211103, Jiangsu, China
^2.Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China

Received:2025-03-03 Revised:2025-04-25 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-09-05
Contact: Yunhui HUANG E-mail:binzijun@gmail.com;h.yunhui@whut.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了满足新型电力系统安全稳定运行的实际需求，研究构网型储能变流器(grid-forming energy storage converter)的控制策略和稳定机理具有重要意义。本研究建立了基于下垂控制的构网型储能并网系统小信号阻抗模型，采用复向量形式的阻抗模型表达式以简化建模，重点考虑了构网型储能功率同步环的动态特性，采用扫频法验证了阻抗模型的准确性。然后，基于广义Nyquist稳定性判据分析了构网型储能并网系统在不同控制参数和不同电网强度下的稳定性，理论分析结果与时域仿真分析具有一致性。研究结果表明，随着有功下垂系数或短路比的增大，构网型储能并网系统的稳定性均会变差。最后，在物理实验平台中进行了验证。

关键词: 构网型储能变流器, 阻抗模型, 稳定性分析, 广义Nyquist准则

Abstract:

To meet the practical demand for safe and stable operation of new power systems, it is important to study the control strategy and stability mechanism of grid-forming (GFM) energy storage converters. This study establishes a small-signal impedance model of a GFM energy storage system connected to an AC power grid based on droop control. The impedance model expression in complex vector form is used to simplify the modeling process, and the dynamic characteristics of the active power loop are analyzed. The impedance model is verified through frequency sweep and time-domain simulations. Subsequently, the small-signal stability of the GFM energy storage system connected to the grid is analyzed using the generalized Nyquist criterion, with theoretical results consistent with time-domain simulation analysis. The results indicate that as the active power droop coefficient and short-circuit ratio increase, system stability deteriorates. This finding is further validated on a physical experimental platform.

Key words: grid-forming energy storage converter, impedance model, stability analysis, generalized Nyquist criterion

中图分类号:

TM 727

宾子君, 孔祥平, 黄云辉, 王继祥, 齐贝贝, 蒋昊. 接入交流电网的构网型储能变流器阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(9): 3434-3443.

Zijun BIN, Xiangping KONG, Yunhui HUANG, Jixiang WANG, Beibei QI, Hao JIANG. Modeling and stability analysis of grid-forming energy storage converter connected to AC power grid[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3434-3443.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

时域仿真分析参数"

参数	数值
功率基准值 $S b$	10000 kVA
电压基准值 $U b$	$(220 × 3) V$
电流基准值 $I b$	$(S b / 220 / 3) A$
角频率基准值 $ω 0$	$(2 π × 50) r a d / s$
滤波电感 $L f$	0.0649 p.u.
滤波电阻 $r f$	0.0069 p.u.
滤波电容 $C f$	0.0912 p.u.
网侧线路电感 $L g$	0.0865 p.u.
网侧线路电阻 $r g$	0.0138 p.u.
电流控制器比例系数 $k p i$	100
电流控制器积分系数 $k i i$	667
电压控制器比例系数 $k p v$	0.08
电压控制器积分系数 $k i v$	1
有功下垂系数m	$0.02 ω 0 / S b$
无功下垂系数n	$0.1 × 311 / S b$

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表2

参考文献 18

[1]	刘永奇, 陈龙翔, 韩小琪. 能源转型下我国新能源替代的关键问题分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(2): 515-524. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.210336.
	LIU Y Q, CHEN L X, HAN X Q. The key problem analysis on the alternative new energy under the energy transition[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(2): 515-524. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.210336.
[2]	袁小明, 张美清, 迟永宁, 等. 电力电子化电力系统动态问题的基本挑战和技术路线[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(5): 1904-1917. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.212012.
	YUAN X M, ZHANG M Q, CHI Y N, et al. Basic challenges of and technical roadmap to power-electronized power system dynamics issues[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(5): 1904-1917. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.212012.
[3]	谢小荣,贺静波,毛航银,等."双高"电力系统稳定性的新问题及分类探讨 [J].中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(2): 461-475.
	XIE Xiaorong, HE Jingbo, MAO Hangyin, et al. New issues and classification of power system stability with high shares of renewables and power electronics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(2): 461-475.
[4]	WANG X F, TAUL M G, WU H, et al. Grid-synchronization stability of converter-based resources—An overview[J]. IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 2020, 1: 115-134.
[5]	旦增曲吉. 西藏: 2024年共建设构网型储能60.8万千瓦时/252.2万千瓦时[EB/OL]. (2025-2-14)[2025-2-22]. https://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20250214/1427026.shtml.
[6]	华为.为智能光风储发电机首批项目并网测试圆满完成, 储能将进入构网型储能新时代[EB/OL].(2024-07-22)[2025-2-22]. https://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20240722/1390401.shtml.
[7]	亮报. 新疆阿克苏: 清洁能源装机达815.06万千瓦占总装机容量的75.27%[EB/OL]. (2025-02-12)[2025-2-22]. https://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20250212/1426718.shtml.
[8]	詹长江, 吴恒, 王雄飞, 等. 构网型变流器稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.221995.
	ZHAN Changjiang, WU Heng, WANG Xiongfei, et al. An overview of stability studies of grid-forming voltage source converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359. DOI:10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.221995.
[9]	MATEVOSYAN J, BADRZADEH B, PREVOST T, et al. Grid-forming inverters: Are they the key for high renewable penetration?[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2019, 17(6): 89-98. DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2019.2933072.
[10]	CHEREVATSKIY S, ZABIHI S, KORTE R, et al. A 30 MW grid forming BESS boosting reliability in South Australia and providing market services on the national electricity market[C]// Proceedings of the 18th Wind Integration Workshop. Dublin, 2019.
[11]	ACHILLES S. Weak grid connection of IBR, why are we still talking about this Presented in G-PST/ESIG Webinar[EB/OL]. (2021-11).
[12]	ZHOU W H, TORRES-OLGUIN R E, WANG Y B, et al. A gray-box hierarchical oscillatory instability source identification method of multiple-inverter-fed power systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(3): 3095-3113.
[13]	吴滨源, 李建文, 李永刚, 等. 并网逆变器dq阻抗灰箱辨识方法与应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 1534-1546. DOI: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.210777.
	WU B Y, LI J W, LI Y G, et al. Gray-box identification method of grid-connected inverters dq impedance and its applications[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(4): 1534-1546. DOI: 10. 13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.210777.
[14]	COELHO E A A, CORTIZO P C, GARCIA P F D. Small-signal stability for parallel-connected inverters in stand-alone AC supply systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2002, 38(2): 533-542. DOI: 10.1109/28.993176.
[15]	WEN B, BOROYEVICH D, BURGOS R, et al. Analysis of D-Q small-signal impedance of grid-tied inverters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(1): 675-687. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL. 2015.2398192.
[16]	LI Y T, GU Y J, ZHU Y, et al. Impedance circuit model of grid-forming inverter: Visualizing control algorithms as circuit elements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 36(3): 3377-3395. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.3015158.
[17]	RYGG A, MOLINAS M. Apparent impedance analysis: A small-signal method for stability analysis of power electronic-based systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017, 5(4): 1474-1486. DOI: 10.1109/JESTPE. 2017.2729596.
[18]	LI Y T, GU Y J, GREEN T C. Interpreting frame transformations in AC systems as diagonalization of harmonic transfer functions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 2020, 67(7): 2481-2491. DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2020.2976754.

参数	数值
额定有功功率P_e	5 kW
交流母线电压U_g	380 V
直流电容器C_dc	3 mF
直流母线电压U_dc	650 V
交流电感L_f	3 mH
模拟线路电感L_g	6 mH
采样频率	10 k

接入交流电网的构网型储能变流器阻抗建模及稳定性分析

Modeling and stability analysis of grid-forming energy storage converter connected to AC power grid

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 18

相关文章 4

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	孙召琴, 黎可, 杜杲娴, 胡晨, 牛萌, 朱真. 多端口能量路由器快速频率响应及稳定控制方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(8): 2970-2982.
[2]	孙丙香, 杨鑫, 周兴振, 马仕昌, 王志豪, 张维戈. 基于简化阻抗模型和比较元启发式算法的锂离子电池参数辨识方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(9): 2952-2962.
[3]	李欣雨, 韩雪冰, 卢兰光, 李建秋, 欧阳明高. 基于大倍率电流脉冲的动力锂离子电池阻抗模型优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(5): 1686-1694.
[4]	肖哲熙, 鲁峰, 林贤清, 张晨曦, 白浩隆, 于春辉, 何姿颖, 姜海容, 魏飞. 气固流化床硅氧碳负极材料的宏量制备[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1739-1748.