钠离子电池硫化物负极材料的研究进展

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2018.0217

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文回顾了一些金属硫化物在钠离子电池中的应用，钠与锂同族，钠离子电池有望和锂离子电池一样，成为一种极具发展前景的储能装置，所以其电极材料是当下研究的热点。重点介绍了这些材料目前面临的问题，钠离子较大的半径使其在电极材料中存在脱嵌困难、体积膨胀等问题，鉴于层状金属硫化物拥有良好的钠嵌入平台，因而受到研究人员的广泛关注。综述了二硫化钼、二硫化钨、二硫化锡、二硫化钒、二硫化钛几种层状过渡金属二硫化物和硫化镍、硫化锌、硫化铜、硫化亚铁几种非二硫化物负极材料在钠离子电池中的电化学性能，包括了容量和循环性能等。分析了这些材料目前所面临的主要问题是体积膨胀、钠离子扩散缓慢、充放电效率低、多硫化物溶解-穿梭等问题。指出缓解硫化物体积膨胀问题的方法有与碳复合、材料纳米化、控制形貌等，对于层状过渡金属二硫化物还可以通过扩大层间距、调节截止电压等方式提高其电化学性能。最后对过渡金属硫化物负极材料的研究前景进行了展望。

关键词: 钠离子电池, 二硫化物, 层状结构, 电化学性能

Abstract: The application of metallic sulfide in sodium-ion battery is reviewed. Sodium and lithium are of the same group, and sodium ion battery is expected to be a promising energy storage device like lithium-ion battery. Therefore, its electrode materials is the current research hotspot. The current problems of these materials are introduced. The large radius of sodium ions leads to difficult intercalation/deintercalation of Na⁺ for in the electrode materials, and volume expansion etc. In view of good sodium-intercalation platforms of layered metal sulfides, they have attracted extensive attention from researchers. Summarized the electrochemical properties of the molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, tin disulfide,vanadium disulfide, titanium disulfide several layered transition metal disulfide and nickel sulfide, zinc sulfide, copper sulfide, several kinds of non-disulfide anode materials in sodium-ion batteries, including the capacity and cycle performance etc, Volume expansion、slow diffusion of Na⁺、low efficiency of charge and discharge、polysulfide dissolving-shuttling of the main problems faced by these materials at present are analyzed. It is pointed out that the methods to alleviate the volume expansion of sulfides are carbon composite, nano-materials, morphology control etc. For layered transition metal disulfides. the electrochemical performance can be improved by enlarging the interlayer spacing and adjusting the cut-off voltage. Finally, the research prospect of transition metal sulfide anode materials is viewed.

Key words: Na-ion batlery, disulfides, layered structure, electrochemical properties

中图分类号:

O614

马艳梅. 钠离子电池硫化物负极材料的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2019, 8(3): 488-494.

MA Yanmei. Recent research progress of metal sulfides as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2019, 8(3): 488-494.

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