Current situations and prospects of zinc-iron flow battery

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0382

Abstract

Abstract:

Zinc-iron flow batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies because of their safety, stability, and low cost. This review discusses the current situations and problems of zinc-iron flow batteries. These batteries can work in a wide range of pH by adopting different varieties of iron couples. An alkaline zinc-iron flow battery usually has a high open-circuit voltage and a long life cycle performance using porous electrode and membrane. In an acidic zinc-iron flow battery, the iron ions in the positive side have good solubility and reversible chemical stability, while zinc in the negative side is greatly affected by the pH. The neutral zinc-iron flow battery has attracted more attention due to its mild condition and low cost using a porous membrane. However, all kinds of zinc-iron flow battery suffer from zinc dendrite and low areal capacity, which hinders its commercial development. Some prospects for developing new electrolyte, electrode, membrane, and battery structures combining experiment and accurate physical models are finally proposed.

Key words: flow battery, zinc-iron flow battery, zinc dendrite, zinc-based flow battery, battery energy storage

CLC Number:

TK 02

Zhen YAO, Rui WANG, Xue YANG, Qi ZHANG, Qinghua LIU, Baoguo WANG, Ping MIAO. Current situations and prospects of zinc-iron flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 78-88.

Figures/Tables 3

References 35

1	YANG Z G, ZHANG J L, KINTNER-MEYER M C W, et al. Electrochemical energy storage for green grid[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2011, 111(5): 3577-3613.
2	张步涵, 曾杰, 毛承雄, 等. 电池储能系统在改善并网风电场电能质量和稳定性中的应用[J]. 电网技术, 2006, 30(15): 54-58.
	ZHANG B H, ZENG J, MAO C X, et al. Improvement of power quality and stability of wind farms connected to power grid by battery energy storage system[J]. Power System Technology, 2006, 30(15): 54-58.
3	韩涛, 卢继平, 乔梁, 等. 大型并网风电场储能容量优化方案[J]. 电网技术, 2010, 34(1): 169-173.
	HAN T, LU J P, QIAO L, et al. Optimized scheme of energy-storage capacity for grid-connected large-scale wind farm[J]. Power System Technology, 2010, 34(1): 169-173.
4	于芃, 周玮, 孙辉, 等. 用于风电功率平抑的混合储能系统及其控制系统设计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(17): 127-133.
	YU P, ZHOU W, SUN H, et al. Hybrid energy storage system and control system design for wind power balancing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(17): 127-133.
5	李先锋, 张洪章, 郑琼, 等. 能源革命中的电化学储能技术[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2019, 34(4): 443-449.
	LI X F, ZHANG H Z, ZHENG Q, et al. Electrochemical energy storage technology in energy revolution[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019, 34(4): 443-449.
6	缪平, 姚祯, LEMMON John, 等.电池储能技术研究进展及展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 670-678.
	MIAO P, YAO Z, LEMMON J, et al. Current situations and prospects of energy storage batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 670-678.
7	李泓, 吕迎春. 电化学储能基本问题综述[J]. 电化学, 2015, 21(5): 412-424.
	LI H, LYU Y C. A review on electrochemical energy storage[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2015, 21(5): 412-424.
8	许守平, 李相俊, 惠东. 大规模电化学储能系统发展现状及示范应用综述[J]. 电力建设, 2013, 34(7): 73-80.
	XU S P, LI X J, HUI D. A review of development and demonstration application of large-scale electrochemical energy storage[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2013, 34(7): 73-80.
9	贾志军, 宋士强, 王保国. 液流电池储能技术研究现状与展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2012, 1(1): 50-57.
	JIA Z J, SONG S Q, WANG B G. Acritical review on redox flow batteries for electrical energy storage applications[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2012, 1(1): 50-57.
10	张华民, 王晓丽. 全钒液流电池技术最新研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2013, 2(3): 281-288.
	ZHANG H M, WANG X L. Recent progress on vanadium flow battery technologies[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2013, 2(3): 281-288.
11	朱顺泉, 孙娓荣, 汪钱, 等. 大规模蓄电储能全钒液流电池研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2007, 26(2): 207-211.
	ZHU S Q, SUN W R, WANG Q, et al. Review of R & D status of vanadium redox battery[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2007, 26(2): 207-211.
12	谢聪鑫, 郑琼, 李先锋, 等. 液流电池技术的最新进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2017, 6(5): 1050-1057.
	XIE C X, ZHENG Q, LI X F, et al. Current advances in the flow battery technology[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2017, 6(5): 1050-1057.
13	WEBER A Z, MENCH M M, MEYERS J P, et al. Redox flow batteries: A review[J]. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2011, 41(10): 1137-1164.
14	MCBREEN J. Rechargeable zinc batteries[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 1984, 168(1/2): 415-432.
15	KHOR A, LEUNG P, MOHAMED M R, et al. Review of zinc-based hybrid flow batteries: From fundamentals to applications[J]. Materials Today Energy, 2018, 8: 80-108.
16	YUAN Z, YIN Y, XIE C, et al. Advanced materials for zinc-based flow battery: Development and challenge[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(50): doi: 10.1002/adma.201902025.
17	SKYLLAS-KAZACOS M, MENICTAS C, LIM T. Redox flow batteries for medium-to large-scale energy storage[M]. Electricity Transmission, Distribution and Storage Systems. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013: 398-441.
18	YUAN Z Z, DUAN Y Q, LIU T, et al. Toward a low-cost alkaline zinc-iron flow battery with a polybenzimidazole custom membrane for stationary energy storage[J]. iScience, 2018, 3: 40-49.
19	SELVERSTON S, SAVINELL R F, WAINRIGHT J S. Zinc-iron flow batteries with common electrolyte[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2017, 164(6): A1069-A1075.
20	XIE C, DUAN Y, XU W, et al. A low-cost neutral zinc-iron flow battery with high energy density for stationary energy storage[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2017, 56(47): 14953-14957.
21	ADAMS G B. Electrically rechargeable battery: US4180623[P]. 1979-12-25.
22	LI Q F, HE R H, JENSEN J O, et al. Approaches and recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating above 100 ℃[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2003, 15(26): 4896-4915.
23	CHEN Z Q, YU W T, LIU Y F, et al. Mathematical modeling and numerical analysis of alkaline zinc-iron flow batteries for energy storage applications[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 405: doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.126684.
24	XIE Z P, SU Q, SHI A H, et al. High performance of zinc-ferrum redox flow battery with Ac‍-/HAc buffer solution[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2016, 25(3): 495-499.
25	GONG K, MA X Y, CONFORTI K M, et al. A zinc-iron redox-flow battery under $100 per kW h of system capital cost[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2015, 8(10): 2941-2945.
26	PEI A, ZHENG G, SHI F, et al. Nanoscale nucleation and growth of electrodeposited lithium metal[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(2): 1132-1139.
27	GUO L, GUO H, HUANG H, et al. Inhibition of zinc dendrites in zinc-based flow batteries[J]. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2020, 8: 557.
28	胡卫华, 喻敬贤, 杨汉西, 等. 二维锌枝晶生长行为研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(理学版), 2004, 50(4): 431-435.
	HU W H, YU J X, YANG H X, et al. Dendrite growth of zinc in quasi-two-dimensional electrodeposition[J]. Wuhan University Journal (Natural Science Edition), 2004, 50(4): 431-435.
29	BANIK S J, AKOLKAR R. Suppressing dendritic growth during alkaline zinc electrodeposition using polyethylenimine additive[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 179: 475-481.
30	LI B, NIE Z, VIJAYAKUMAR M, et al. Ambipolar zinc-polyiodide electrolyte for a high-energy density aqueous redox flow battery[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: doi: 10.1038/ncomms7303.
31	WANG J M, ZHANG L, ZHANG C, et al. Effects of bismuth ion and tetrabutylammonium bromide on the dendritic growth of zinc in alkaline zincate solutions[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2001, 102(1/2): 139-143.
32	WANG K L, PEI P C, MA Z, et al. Morphology control of zinc regeneration for zinc-air fuel cell and battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 271: 65-75.
33	YUAN Z, LIU X, XU W, et al. Negatively charged nanoporous membrane for a dendrite-free alkaline zinc-based flow battery with long cycle life[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06209-x.
34	HIGASHI S, LEE S W, LEE J S, et al. Avoiding short circuits from zinc metal dendrites in anode by backside-plating configuration[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7: doi: 10.1038/ncomms11801.
35	杨朝霞, 娄景媛, 李雪菁, 等. 锌镍单液流电池发展现状[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1678-1690.
	YANG Z X, LOU J Y, LI X J, et al. Status and development of the zinc-nickel single flow battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1678-1690.

[1]	Zhen YAO, Qi ZHANG, Rui WANG, Qinghua LIU, Baoguo WANG, Ping MIAO. Application of biomass derived carbon materials in all vanadium flow battery electrodes [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2083-2091.
[2]	Yu SHI, Zhong ZHANG, Jingying YANG, Wei QIAN, Hao LI, Xiang ZHAO, Xintong YANG. Opportunity cost modelling and market strategy of energy storage participating in the AGC market [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2366-2373.
[3]	Zhiying LU, Shan JIANG, Quanlong LI, Kexin MA, Teng FU, Zhigang ZHENG, Zhicheng LIU, Miao LI, Yongsheng LIANG, Zhifei DONG. Open-circuit voltage variation during charge and shelf phases of an all-vanadium liquid flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(7): 2046-2050.
[4]	Xinlei CAI, Kai DONG, Zijie MENG, Zhenfan YU, Boxiao WANG, Yang YU. AGC command tracking control strategy for battery energy storage power station based on optimized dynamic grouping technology [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1475-1481.
[5]	Feng TIAN, Zhijiang CHENG, Handi YANG, Tianxiang YANG. Fault-tolerant control strategy for modular multi-level hybrid converter battery energy storage system [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1583-1591.
[6]	Maolin FANG, Ying ZHANG, Lin QIAO, Shumin LIU, Zhongqi CAO, Huamin ZHANG, Xiangkun MA. Research progress of iron-chromium flow batteries technology [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1358-1367.
[7]	Xuan WANG, Qiang YE. The aggravation of side reactions caused by insufficient localized liquid supply in an all-vanadium redox flow battery stack [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(5): 1455-1467.
[8]	Fulin FAN, Junhui LI, CAMPOS-GAONA David, Gangui YAN. Energy storage-friendly frequency response service markets： The UK perspective [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(4): 1278-1288.
[9]	Kehuan XIE, Chuanchang LI, Jian CHEN, Longhai YU, zhun TAN, Weihai QIN. Simulation model advances in vanadium redox flow battery energy storage and monitoring method for state of charge [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2363-2372.
[10]	Huan ZHU, Guojing LIU, Xing ZHANG, Fen YUE, Zhenhua YU. Policy and economic comparison of natural gas power generation and battery energy storage in peak regulation [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2392-2402.
[11]	Tianao ZHANG, Hao LIU, Yongchong CHEN, Qingsong WANG, Shuxing ZHANG, Qiquan ZENG. Intrinsic safety of energy storage in a high-capacity battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2293-2302.
[12]	Zeng'ang JIA, Zhibin LING, Xuguang LI. Thermal characteristics of lithium-ion battery with sinusoidal charge and discharge pulsating current [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2260-2268.
[13]	Chao ZHANG, Kai KANG, Sheng LU, Xinyu QIN, Yanbo HUANG, Zhengtian LI. Economic scheduling of renewable energy storage plants with integrated thermal management of energy storage systems and battery life [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(4): 1353-1363.
[14]	Rong ZHANG, Shuguang WANG, Xuan SUN, Xiaosong JIANG, Lei HU, Xiaoming YAN, Gaohong HE. Preparation of sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） amphoteric ion exchange membrane and its application in iron-chromium redox flow battery [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(4): 1305-1310.
[15]	Jianjiang XIE, Xiang GAO, Chengqiang XIA, Yi ZHENG, Hao WANG. Research on information acquisition system of lithium battery energy storage cabin [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(3): 1109-1116.