Simulation of thermal runaway gas explosion in double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0087

Abstract

Abstract:

The prefabricated cabin energy storage with a double-layer structure can effectively minimize floor space, and is suitable for applications in areas with limited land resources. However, this form of energy storage doubles the battery capacity per unit area, and its safety under extreme conditions such as thermal runaway is severely tested. In this study, a numerical simulation method of a gas explosion is used to investigate the consequences of thermal runaway gas explosion in a double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station. First, the double-layer structure prefabricated cabin energy storage is introduced; then, a simplified model of the double-layer prefabricated cabin energy-storage power station is established using the explosion simulation software FLACS; finally, the vaporized electrolyte caused by the lithium-ion battery′s thermal runaway is used as the fuel, and the thermal runaway combustion and explosion characteristics of the double-layer prefabricated energy storage tank were simulated and studied. The study shows that the shock wave generated by the gas explosion in the double-layer energy storage cabin spreads to the surroundings when the pressure relief hole is opened, and impacts the adjacent energy storage cabins, which may result in several explosions. Compared with the lower energy storage cabin's explosion, that of the upper storage energy storage is low. Space is open after the cabin pressure relief hole is opened, the pressure relief cooling effect is more significant, and the high temperature and overpressure shock effect caused by the explosion is low. The results of this study can provide theoretical and data support for the safety and fire protection design of a prefabricated cabin energy-storage power station with a double-layer structure.

Key words: double-layer prefabricated cabin, energy storage power station, explosion accident, overpressure, FLACS

CLC Number:

X 928.7

Kangyong YIN, Fengbo TAO, Wei LIANG, Zhiyuan NIU. Simulation of thermal runaway gas explosion in double-layer prefabricated cabin lithium iron phosphate energy storage power station[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(8): 2488-2496.

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序号	尺寸/m²	开启方向	开启压力/kPa
P1	2×2.2	+X	20
P2	2×2.2	-X	20
P3	2×2.2	+Y	20
P4	2×2.2	+Y	20
P5	0.8×0.6	+Y	3
P6	0.8×0.6	+Y	3
P7	0.8×0.6	-Y	3
P8	0.8×0.6	-Y	3

参数	数值
环境温度	20 ℃
环境压力	101.325 kPa(大气压)
风速	0
边界条件	Euler方程
湍流模型	k-ε标准模型
空气成分	20.95%O₂+79.05%N₂标准气体

爆炸类型	储能舱内最高温度/K	M3最高温度/K	M4最高温度/K	储能舱内最高超压/kPa	M3最高超压/kPa	M4最高超压/kPa
双层爆炸(无氢气)	2123	1904	1206	38.6	8.20	2.59
双层爆炸(有氢气)	2238	1931	760	78	15.68	4.88
下层爆炸	2119	1860	1167	38.04	8.24	1.76
上层爆炸	2112	294	356	32.89	2.4	2.4

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[2]	Shangyu ZHAO, Zhen ZHANG, Baoyuan WANG, Quhu ZENG. An engineering method for detection of problems of lithium iron phosphate batteries [J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 643-651.