Research on the performance of air source heat pumps with quasi-two-stage compression coupled energy storage devices

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0018

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the performance degradation of air source heat pumps in low-temperature environments, this paper proposes an air source heat pump system featuring quasi-two-stage compression coupled with an energy storage device. The energy storage device is a phase change heat accumulator that uses phase change materials to absorb or release large amounts of latent heat during the phase change process. This allows for efficient heat storage within a relatively stable temperature range. Key parameters, including heating capacity, coefficient of performance (COP), refrigerant mass flow, exhaust temperature, and system energy efficiency at different ambient temperatures, were experimentally tested. The economic performance of the system was also analyzed. Experimental results revealed that with decreasing ambient temperature, both the refrigerant mass flow rate and heat production significantly reduced. However, when compared to conventional systems with economizers, the proposed quasi-two-stage compression and energy storage coupling system demonstrated superior performance in terms of COP, heat generation, even in harsh ambient temperatures. At an ambient temperature of -30 ℃, the COP, heat generation, and the exergic efficiency of the coupled system increased significantly by 39.9%, 43.46%, and 41.8%, respectively. The daily operating costs were reduced by 4.63 yuan, including an 11% reduction under cold weather conditions, showcasing the system's economic feasibility and strong market competitiveness. In addition, in the ambient temperature range of -5 ℃ to -30 ℃, the exhaust temperature was lowered by 4.55—12.78 ℃, while the refrigerant mass flow rate increased by 11.8%—48.7%.

Key words: quasi-two-stage compression, phase change energy storage device, economizer, air source heat pump, heating performance

CLC Number:

TU 832

Yong LI, Yufei ZHAO, Chunyu SONG, Shihao LIU, Suxia MA. Research on the performance of air source heat pumps with quasi-two-stage compression coupled energy storage devices[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(5): 1991-1999.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

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Fig. 4

Table 2

The calculation formula for the exergy loss of system components"

部件名称	㶲损失
压缩机	$Δ E x c o m = E x w + q m 1 h 1 + q m 16 h 16 - q m 6 h 6 - T 0 (q m 1 s 1 + q m 16 s 16 - q m 6 s 6)$
冷凝器	$Δ E x c o n = q m 6 [(h 6 - h 7) - T 0 (s 3 - s 4)] - (Δ T 1 / T k) Q k$
蒸发器	$Δ E x e v a = q m 11 [(h 11 - h 1) - T 0 (s 11 - s 1)]$
经济器	$Δ E x e c o = q m 15 [(h 15 - h 16) - T 0 (s 15 - s 16)] + q m 8 [(h 7 - h 8) - T 0 (s 7 - s 8)]$
相变蓄热器	$Δ E x a c c = q m 8 [(h 8 - h 9) (1 - Δ T 2 / T k) - T 0 (s 8 - s 9) + q m 10 [(h 10 - h 2) (1 - Δ T 3 / T 0) - T 0 (S 10 - S 2)]$
膨胀阀1	$Δ E x e x m 1 = q m 15 [h 7 - h 15 - T 0 (s 7 - s 15)]$
膨胀阀2	$Δ E x e x m 2 = q m 10 [h 9 - h 10 - T 0 (s 9 - s 10)]$
膨胀阀3	$Δ E x e x m 3 = q m 11 [h 9 - h 11 - T 0 (s 9 - s 11)]$

Table 2

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Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Table 3

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仪器名称	产品型号	测量范围	精度
液体流量传感器	LWGY-4A	0.04～0.4 m³/h	0.2%
气体流量传感器	YLHJ-F001	2.3～230 L/min	1.5%
压力传感器	CGYL-202	0～3.0 MPa	0.2%
温度传感器	SWD-T	-40～100 ℃	±0.15 ℃
风速传感器	CGFS-2A1	0～30 m/s	3%
湿度传感器	WSD-T	0～100%	3%
多功能电表	DTS6111	—	1%

气候场景	场景概率/%	模式2/元	模式3/元
晴朗干冷	34.6	18.36	17.22
大风降温	20.3	10.04	10.04
小雪纷飞	14.2	25.34	22.88
雪后初晴	13.1	17.19	16.16
浓雾弥漫	11.4	11.16	11.16
雨夹雪	6.4	6.02	6.02