Grid-forming energy storage system taking phase angle and amplitude jumps into account short-circuit current characteristics and its calculation model

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0065

Abstract

Abstract:

Grid-forming energy storage systems (GFESS) are a promising solution for enhancing power system stability under weak grid conditions. However, the modeling of short-circuit current behavior for GFESS remains underexplored. Existing studies typically adopt electromechanical models, which inadequately capture the transient characteristics induced by inductive and capacitive elements, thereby complicating protection parameter configuration and control parameter optimization. This paper presents an equivalent model of a GFESS connected to the power grid on the electromagnetic time scale. Considering the step changes in voltage amplitude and phase angle during grid faults, a time-domain dynamic response model of the GFESS electromotive force is developed. The relationship between GFESS control parameters and the electromotive force, specifically response time and overshoot, is quantitatively analyzed. Based on the damping behavior under various control settings, a systematic method for calculating the short-circuit current of GFESS, accounting for variations in phase angle and amplitude, is proposed. The method is validated through simulations under both symmetrical and asymmetrical fault conditions. Variance analysis confirms that the proposed model accurately quantifies the short-circuit current capacity of GFESS, offering a reliable reference for grid operators and dispatchers.

Key words: grid-forming energy storage system, dynamic property, short-circuit current, control parameter, computational model

CLC Number:

TM 73

Yinchi SHAO, Yu GONG, Meng NIU, Ruohuan YANG, Yating LIU, Ran DING. Grid-forming energy storage system taking phase angle and amplitude jumps into account short-circuit current characteristics and its calculation model[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(6): 2451-2461.

Figures/Tables 9

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Table 1

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工况	校核数据	偏差计算指标
工况	校核数据	F₁	F₂
欠阻尼参数工况1	A相电流	0.0048	3.57%
	B相电流	0.0747	0.56%
	C相电流	0.0698	8.37%

欠阻尼参数工况2	A相电流	0.0121	2.37%
	B相电流	0.0050	7.69%
	C相电流	0.0071	3.87%

欠阻尼参数工况3	A相电流	0.0226	3.74%
	B相电流	0.0483	3.69%
	C相电流	0.0256	8.19%

过阻尼参数工况1	A相电流	0.0353	2.35%
	B相电流	0.0409	0.24%
	C相电流	0.0762	4.62%

过阻尼参数工况2	A相电流	0.0097	2.23%
	B相电流	0.0089	3.16%
	C相电流	0.0008	1.64%

过阻尼参数工况3	A相电流	0.0034	2.48%
	B相电流	0.0350	0.44%
	C相电流	0.0384	4.72%
过阻尼参数工况4	A相电流	0.0132	3.26%
	B相电流	0.0468	2.18%
	C相电流	0.0599	8.54%

过阻尼参数工况5	A相电流	0.1192	5.89%
	B相电流	0.0025	2.46%
	C相电流	0.0261	0.40%