Hybrid energy storage configuration for regional distribution network considering energy storage lifespan and empirical mode decomposition

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0159

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the safety and stability issues caused by power fluctuations in renewable energy generation and load in regional distribution networks, while considering the coupling of high- and low-frequency fluctuations on both the generation and load sides, this study proposes a two-stage hybrid energy storage configuration method based on empirical mode decomposition and multi-objective optimization. The framework aims to establish a coordinated optimization mechanism that integrates high-/low-frequency fluctuation mitigation with economic operation and system stability. In the first-stage model, a moving average filter is used to extract the power fluctuations that need to be mitigated by the hybrid energy storage system. The improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) is then applied to separate the high- and low-frequency components of the minute-level grid-connected power fluctuations. By considering the comprehensive cost of supercapacitors (SCs) and minute-level fluctuations, the optimal noise standard deviation and the mode boundary number between high- and low-frequency components are determined to achieve an optimal SC configuration for mitigating high-frequency minute-level fluctuations in photovoltaic generation. In the second-stage model, a multi-objective optimization based on an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is conducted to optimize the capacity configuration of the hybrid energy storage system, with the objectives of minimizing the comprehensive system cost, power loss, and voltage fluctuations. This approach provides a configuration scheme that simultaneously addresses minute-level and hourly-level fluctuations. The proposed method is validated using the IEEE 33-node system. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, this approach effectively considers the coupling of high- and low-frequency fluctuations at individual nodes and across the system. Specifically, it reduces minute-level high-frequency grid-connected fluctuations by 91.1%, the average voltage deviation by 10.1%, the maximum voltage deviation by 55.4%, system power loss by 55.9%, and system purchased electricity by 10.88%.

Key words: ICEEMDAN, hybrid energy storage system, voltage fluctuations, photovoltaic grid integration, two-stage configuration

CLC Number:

TM 732

Kailiang WANG, Yujun SUN, Jinxing ZHONG, Xiangyang SU, Junhui LI, Zongyang LIU, Yu CAI, Yidan CHEN. Hybrid energy storage configuration for regional distribution network considering energy storage lifespan and empirical mode decomposition[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(9): 3417-3430.

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变量名	取值
ESS单位功率投资成本/(元/kW)	1500
ESS单位容量投资成本/(元/kWh)	1000
SC单位功率投资成本/(元/kW)	1700
SC单位容量投资成本/(元/kWh)	8100
ESS充放电效率	0.9
SC充放电效率	0.95
储能的残值系数	0.9
运维护系数	0.2
系统单位购电成本/(元/kWh)	1.2
系统单位弃电成本/(元/kWh)	2
ESS充放电状态切换损耗成本/(元/次)	0.5
节点9光伏容量/MW	10
节点30光伏容量/MW	10
认知加速度系数范围	[0.1, 0.2]
惯性权重设定在最大值	0.9
惯性权重最小值	0.4
最大迭代次数	100
群体规模	100

方案	原始	M1	M2
SC功率/MW	0	3.555	3.685
SC容量/MWh	0	0.63	2.7
ESS功率/MW	0	0	1.825
ESS容量/MWh	0	0	9.14
安装成本/万元	0	0.244	1.0115
运维成本/万元	0	0.045	0.23
总成本/万元	0	0.268	1.4215
最大功率波动/MW	3.95	0.35	0.2
越限波动占比/%	9	0	0

配置及指标情况	配置前	M1	M2
节点9的SC功率/MW	0	3.555	3.685
节点9的SC容量/MWh	0	0.63	2.7
节点9的ESS功率/MW	0	4.18	1.825
节点9的ESS容量/MWh	0	21.01	9.14
节点30的SC功率/MW	0	3.555	3.685
节点30的SC容量/MWh	0	0.63	2.7
节点30的ESS功率/MW	0	4.42	1.825
节点30的ESS容量/MWh	0	21.31	9.14
综合成本/万元	14.286	19.17	19.925
储能寿命成本/万元	0	3.705	0.795
储能更换次数/次	0	2	1
储能实际寿命/年	—	7.3	10
平均电压/p.u.	0.9573	0.9616	0.9579
电压偏差最大值/p.u.	0.1711	0.0763	0.1640
系统网损/MWh	11.25	4.96	11.05
系统日购电量/MWh	119.03	106.07	118.64
系统日弃电量/MWh	11.46	0	11.93