Research on ultra high power lithium-ion battery pulse discharge performance

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0485

Abstract

Abstract:

To satisfy the demand for ultra-high-rate pulse discharge performance (over 100 C) in special applications, short-duration, high-frequency power storage technology has become crucial for resolving specific power supply challenges. This study investigated multidimensional optimization approaches, including separator selection, conductive additive comparison, current collector design, slurry mixing processes, and anode composite systems, to reduce ohmic polarization in lithium-ion batteries under ultra-high-rate pulse discharge conditions and achieve rapid response during the initial stage of pulse discharge. It was found that high-porosity wet-process separators can combine the high mechanical strength of wet-process base membranes with the fast ion transport characteristics of dry-process membranes. Vapor-grown carbon fiber demonstrated a faster response to high-rate discharge compared to carbon nanotubes. In anode system optimization, hard carbon/graphite and SiO₂/graphite composites exhibited contrasting performance: the former showed superior polarization suppression (with a 0.1 V increase in the 150 C pulse plateau) at the expense of energy density, while the latter enabled 19.4% electrode thinning and a 4% energy density improvement, albeit with reduced pulse rate capability. A comparison of mixing processes revealed that different mixing methods showed no significant difference in the power performance of batteries with ultra-thin electrodes containing a high content of conductive additives. Analysis of different current collector terminal designs indicated that a dual-side terminal design provided shorter and more uniform electron transport pathways than a top-terminal design, effectively mitigating ohmic voltage drop. The developed ultra-high-power battery maintained a discharge plateau of 3.4 V at 150 C (1 s pulse).

Key words: ultra high rate pulse discharge, Li-ion power battery, ohmic polarization

CLC Number:

TM 912.9

Lei GAO, Honghui GU, Yiming ZHANG, Wei HUANG, Haiyan LU, Lin ZHOU, Meirong GU. Research on ultra high power lithium-ion battery pulse discharge performance[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(8): 2942-2949.

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类别	基膜类型	孔隙率/%	透气度/(s/100 mL)	厚度/µm	抗穿刺强度/gf	拉伸强度(MD/TD)/(kgf/cm²)	离子电导率/(mS/cm)
隔膜A	干法	50	215	16	125	1900/132	0.65
隔膜B	高孔隙率湿法	53	220	16	380	1985/1886	0.58
隔膜C	普通湿法	40	160	16	400	2015/1989	1.12

隔膜类别	化成效率/%	分容容量/mAh	内阻/mΩ	荷电保持率/%
隔膜A	88.65	1238	2.96	88.6
隔膜B	88.91	1245	2.93	91.5
隔膜C	87.85	1235	4.52	92.2

导电剂类别	化成效率/%	分容容量/mAh	内阻/mΩ
导电剂A-SP	90.8	1245	2.85
导电剂B-SP	90.5	1214	2.79

体系	电阻/mΩ
体系	1	2	3
SiO₂/石墨复合	3.79	3.7	3.76
纯石墨	1.76	1.66	1.72
硬碳/石墨复合	0.89	0.89	0.89

负极类别	化成效率/%	分容容量/mAh	分容后内阻/mΩ
石墨/SiO₂	90.6	1153	3.55
纯石墨	89.1	1152	2.92
石墨/硬碳	88.9	1138	2.72