该文是一篇近两个月的锂电池文献评述，以“lithium”和“battery*”为关键词检索了Web of Science从2022年10月1日至2022年11月30日上线的锂电池研究论文，共有3301篇，选择其中100篇加以评论。正极材料的研究主要集中在对高镍三元和尖晶石镍锰酸锂的表面改性和体相掺杂，及其在长循环过程中或高电压下所发生的表面和体相的结构演变。硅基复合负极材料的研究包括材料制备和对电极结构的优化以缓冲体积变化，并重点关注了功能性黏结剂的应用。金属锂负极的研究包含金属锂的表面修饰和无负极金属锂电池。固态电解质的研究主要包括对硫化物固态电解质、氧化物固态电解质、聚合物固态电解质以及复合固态电解质的结构设计以及相关性能研究。其他电解液和添加剂的研究则主要包括不同电解质和溶剂对各类电池材料体系适配的研究，以及对新的功能性添加剂的探索。固态电池方向更多关注正极中离子、电子传输能力的提升。锂硫电池的研究重点是提高硫正极的活性，抑制“穿梭”效应。测试技术涵盖了锂沉积和硅负极演化等方面。电池工艺相关的研究工作侧重于电极极片制作和浆料的特性。
关键词：锂电池
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正极材料
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负极材料
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固体电解质
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电池技术
Abstract
This bimonthly review paper highlights 100 recent published papers on lithium batteries. We searched the Web of Science and found 3301 papers online from Oct. 1, 2022 to Nov. 30, 2022. 100 of them were selected to be highlighted. High-nickel ternary layered and LNMO spinel cathode materials are still under extensive investigations of the influences of doping and interface modifications on their electrochemical performances and surface and bulk evolution of structures under prolong cycling. For alloying mechanism anode materials, such as silicon-based composite materials, many researchers pay attention to material preparation and optimization of electrode structure to buffer volume changes, and emphasize the application of functional binders. Large efforts were devoted to design the three-dimensional structure electrode, interface modification, and inhomogeneity plating of traditional lithium metal anode and anode-free lithium metal battery. The researches of solid-state electrolytes are mainly focused on structure design and related performance in sulfide based-, oxide based-, polymer based-solid-state electrolytes and its composites, whereas liquid electrolytes and additives are improved by the optimal design of solvents and lithium salts for different battery systems and adding novel functional additives. For solid-state batteries, the studies are mainly focused on the improvement of ionic and electronic conductivity in cathodes. To suppress the "shuttle effect" and activate sulfur of Li-S battery, composite sulfur cathode with high ion/electron conductive matrix and functional binders are studied. There are a few papers for the characterization techniques are on lithium deposition and volume change of silicon-based anode materials, etc. Furthermore, several research works related to battery technology are done to understand the fabrication of electrode and the properties of slurry.
Keywords：lithium batteries
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cathode material
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anode material
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solid state electrolyte
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battery technology
Kanaphan等[20]制备了一种石墨烯与SiO x 纳米复合材料，SiO x 纳米小团簇均匀地分散在石墨烯基体中，确保了纳米复合材料的无团聚和优异的导电性能。SiO x 纳米复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能，在电流密度为1 A/g的循环次数超过1500周循环时，还有650 mAh/g的稳定比容量，容量保持率高达95%。
Kalidas等[21]采用热氧化法介孔硅微粒进行表面钝化处理。生成的氧化硅(SiO x )层起到了稳定Si表面的保护层作用，从而提高了Si电极的性能。电化学表征表明，Si/SiO x 的电极性能与氧含量密切相关。当氧含量低于34%(质量分数)时，Si/SiO x 阳极的放电容量超过2000 mAh/g，但当氧含量较高时，容量则大幅度降低。优化的样品(700 ℃氧化)的首周库仑效率为78%，0.2 C倍率下循环180周后，仍有800 mAh/g的稳定比容量。
Li等[28]通过物理气相沉积为有限锂源的金属锂负极制备了由人工固体电解质层(LiF)和亲锂层(Li x Au合金)组成的多层功能结构。亲锂合金层的均质成核与人工SEI层LiF的保护协同作用，有效诱导均匀可逆的锂沉积，并在沉积过程中保持形态结构的完整性，提高电池的循环性能。优化后的阳极在多层膜协同作用下半电池在160次循环中保持了98.8%的平均库仑效率，与LiFePO4正极结合使用时，初始容量为148 mAh/g，在130次循环中保持率为97.5%。
Liu等[46]以烯丙基苯砜(APS)作为电解质添加剂，研究对SiO x /C电极的界面稳定性和性能的影响。结果表明，加APS有助于形成致密、坚固的固体电解质界面膜，具有较高的机械强度和良好的锂离子扩散动力学，有效抑制了电极-电解质界面的寄生副反应。同时，APS与电解质中微量水/酸的强相互作用进一步有利于提高界面稳定性，可提高(LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2)全电池的循环性能。
Yoon等[53]研究了Li6PS5Cl基固态电池在苛刻储存条件下的可靠性，采用LiNbO3包覆的NCM811对Li-I n 构建电池，在低至70 ℃的高温条件下不可逆转地引起了电池电阻升高，揭示了该Li6PS5Cl基电池的不稳定性。实验显示，这种存储条件会导致Li6PS5Cl在与正极的接触中发生分解，且在带电条件下会发生SO x 气体的析出，从而产生多孔的正极/电解质界面进而使界面电阻增大。提出在全固态电池的应用中，需要在各种实际操作条件下重新考虑固态电解质的稳定性，以保证其失效安全性。
Chen等[82]应用电化学原子力显微镜(EC-AFM)研究了富Li和富Mn(LMR)材料在富F电解质(1 mol/L LiPF6 in FEC/FEMC/HFE)作用下的界面变化。研究表明，在高电压作用下，电解质在LMR材料表面形成了均匀致密的CEI钝化膜。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)证实CEI是由无机LiF衬底组成。
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... Kanaphan等[20]制备了一种石墨烯与SiO x 纳米复合材料，SiO x 纳米小团簇均匀地分散在石墨烯基体中，确保了纳米复合材料的无团聚和优异的导电性能.SiO x 纳米复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能，在电流密度为1 A/g的循环次数超过1500周循环时，还有650 mAh/g的稳定比容量，容量保持率高达95%. ...
1
... Kalidas等[21]采用热氧化法介孔硅微粒进行表面钝化处理.生成的氧化硅(SiO x )层起到了稳定Si表面的保护层作用，从而提高了Si电极的性能.电化学表征表明，Si/SiO x 的电极性能与氧含量密切相关.当氧含量低于34%(质量分数)时，Si/SiO x 阳极的放电容量超过2000 mAh/g，但当氧含量较高时，容量则大幅度降低.优化的样品(700 ℃氧化)的首周库仑效率为78%，0.2 C倍率下循环180周后，仍有800 mAh/g的稳定比容量. ...
... Liu等[46]以烯丙基苯砜(APS)作为电解质添加剂，研究对SiO x /C电极的界面稳定性和性能的影响.结果表明，加APS有助于形成致密、坚固的固体电解质界面膜，具有较高的机械强度和良好的锂离子扩散动力学，有效抑制了电极-电解质界面的寄生副反应.同时，APS与电解质中微量水/酸的强相互作用进一步有利于提高界面稳定性，可提高(LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2)全电池的循环性能. ...
... Yoon等[53]研究了Li6PS5Cl基固态电池在苛刻储存条件下的可靠性，采用LiNbO3包覆的NCM811对Li-I n 构建电池，在低至70 ℃的高温条件下不可逆转地引起了电池电阻升高，揭示了该Li6PS5Cl基电池的不稳定性.实验显示，这种存储条件会导致Li6PS5Cl在与正极的接触中发生分解，且在带电条件下会发生SO x 气体的析出，从而产生多孔的正极/电解质界面进而使界面电阻增大.提出在全固态电池的应用中，需要在各种实际操作条件下重新考虑固态电解质的稳定性，以保证其失效安全性. ...
