When lithium-ion battery operates at low temperature, their electrochemical performance cannot reach the optimal state, and their capacity deteriorates rapidly, which limits their application in extremely cold regions, aviation, national defense and military, and other fields. Therefore, improving the low-temperature performance of batteries has become an interesting field of research, and this study discusses the relevant strategies in the literature. The effects and mechanism of factors, including new lithium salts with high conductivity, mixed solvents with low melting point and high dielectric constant, and film-forming additives that facilitate stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) films, on the low-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries, are emphatically studied. The comprehensive analysis shows that the solvation structure of Li+ and the behavior of the desolvation at the electrode interface directly determine the low-temperature performance of the battery. The importance of designing low-temperature electrolytes using the solvation structure of electrolytes was emphasized. It provides a novel idea for developing low-temperature lithium-ion batteries in the future.
Keywords:lithiumion battery
;
low temperature
;
electrolyte
;
lithium salt
;
solvent
;
additive
Fig. 9
Electrochemical test of Li||NCM811 battery at room temperature and low temperature (a) Capacity voltage curve at different temperatures; (b) Cyclic performance at different temperature[39]
Fig. 12
Discharge process test of electrochemical performance of Li||NCM622 battery in different electrolytes and 1.2 mol/L LiTFSI-AN-FM electrolyte at different temperatures[24]
Fig. 22
(a) Schematic diagram of Zn//PTO battery; (b)—(e)Electrochemical performance of Zn//PTO battery at different temperatures and current densities[57]
Fig. 26
Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4||Li battery at -20 ℃ (a) Cyclic behavior using QSPE and LE; (b) Charge discharge characteristics of the 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and 100th cycles at 0.2 C; (c) Multiplication performance of batteries using QSPE and LE; (d) Charge discharge characteristics within the range of 0.2—3C[61]
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... [19]Discharge curves of LMO/LTO cells operated in non-aqueous, BSiS-AN0.5 and BSiS-DOL0.5 electrolytes at 0.1C under various temperatures[19]Fig. 20
... [24]Discharge process test of electrochemical performance of Li||NCM622 battery in different electrolytes and 1.2 mol/L LiTFSI-AN-FM electrolyte at different temperatures[24]Fig. 12
... [37]Variations in the ionic conductivities of various electrolytes with EC content in the EC-PC-EMC solvent mixtures at different temperatures[37]Fig. 7
... [39]Electrochemical test of Li||NCM811 battery at room temperature and low temperature (a) Capacity voltage curve at different temperatures; (b) Cyclic performance at different temperature[39]Fig. 9
(a) Schematic diagram of Zn//PTO battery; (b)—(e)Electrochemical performance of Zn//PTO battery at different temperatures and current densities[57]Fig. 22
基于PEO的固态电解质电池在室温下的电化学性能[60]
Electrochemical performance of PEO based solid electrolyte battery at room temperature[60]Fig. 23
基于PEO的固态电解质电池在低温下的电化学性能[60]
Electrochemical performance of solid electrolyte battery based on PEO at low temperature[60]Fig. 243.2 准固态电解质
Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4||Li battery at -20 ℃ (a) Cyclic behavior using QSPE and LE; (b) Charge discharge characteristics of the 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and 100th cycles at 0.2 C; (c) Multiplication performance of batteries using QSPE and LE; (d) Charge discharge characteristics within the range of 0.2—3C[61]Fig. 264 总结与展望
Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4||Li battery at -20 ℃ (a) Cyclic behavior using QSPE and LE; (b) Charge discharge characteristics of the 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and 100th cycles at 0.2 C; (c) Multiplication performance of batteries using QSPE and LE; (d) Charge discharge characteristics within the range of 0.2—3C[61]Fig. 264 总结与展望
... [61]Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4||Li battery at -20 ℃ (a) Cyclic behavior using QSPE and LE; (b) Charge discharge characteristics of the 20th, 40th, 60th, 80th and 100th cycles at 0.2 C; (c) Multiplication performance of batteries using QSPE and LE; (d) Charge discharge characteristics within the range of 0.2—3C[61]Fig. 264 总结与展望