楔形管壳式蓄热罐的传热性能

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对常规矩形管壳式相变蓄热系统中相变材料热响应较慢的问题，实现蓄热系统高效储热结构优化具有重要意义。本工作采用数值模拟对基准管壳式相变储热单元和优化结构单元中相变材料带自然对流的熔化过程进行研究，并进行实验验证。根据不同的增强自然对流技术如楔形化、内流管偏心及倾斜罐体，讨论温度场、储热量、Fo数、平均Nu数及相界面的演化过程，分析不同增强自然对流方式内相变材料的动态热行为，得出改善储热系统传热效率的优化解。研究结果表明：楔形相变储热单元外壳形状可增强自然对流作用，提高储热单元的传热性能。当楔形比X=5时，与基准矩形结构中的相变材料熔化时间相比，其完全熔化时间缩短了28%；偏心距对竖直放置蓄热系统内相变材料的储热量影响不大，但是延长了完全熔化时间，对熔化效率起到反作用；楔形罐体倾斜75°时，在熔化前期自然对流换热效果达到最大值，蓄热效率也随之增长到最大，与垂直放置相比提升了29%。研究结果对节能减排以及双碳目标的实现具有一定的借鉴意义。

关键词: 强化传热, 自然对流, 相变材料, 楔形蓄热系统

Abstract:

It is crucial to optimize the efficient thermal storage structure of thermal storage systems to address the problem of slow thermal response of phase change materials (PCMs) in conventional rectangular shell-and-tube phase change thermal storage systems. Numerical simulations were employed to examine the melting process of PCM with natural convection in a baseline shell-and-tube phase change thermal storage unit and an optimized structural unit and to perform experimental verification. According to different improved natural convection approaches, such as wedging, internal flow tube eccentricity, and inclined tanks, discuss the evolution of temperature field, heat storage capacity, Fo number, average Nu number, and phase interface. The dynamic thermal behavior of PCM within different improved natural convection approaches was examined to derive optimized solutions for enhancing the heat transfer efficiency of heat storage systems. The findings reveal that the wedge-shaped phase change heat storage unit shell shape can improve the natural convection effect and enhances the heat transfer performance. The complete melting time was reduced by 28% compared to the melting time of the PCM in the reference rectangular structure when the wedge ratio X=5. Although it prolongs the complete melting time and has an opposite effect on the melting efficiency, the eccentric distance has little effect on the heat storage capacity of the PCM in the vertically placed thermal storage system. The research findings have a certain reference significance for the realization of energy conservation and emission reduction and the realization of the dual carbon goal, where the natural convection heat transfer effect reaches its maximum during the early melting, and the heat storage efficiency increases to its maximum, with a 29% increase compared to vertical placement when the wedge-shaped tank is tilted at 75°.

Key words: enhanced heat transfer, natural convection, PCM, wedge-shaped

中图分类号:

TQ 051.5

毛前军, 陈凯莉. 楔形管壳式蓄热罐的传热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(11): 3658-3666.

Qianjun MAO, Kaili CHEN. Heat transfer performance study of wedge-shaped shell-and-tube heat storage tank[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(11): 3658-3666.

图/表 10

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

图5

图 6

图 7

图 8

参考文献 19

1	徐治国, 赵长颖, 纪育楠, 等. 中低温相变蓄热的研究进展[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2014, 3(3): 179-190.
	XU Z G, ZHAO C Y, JI Y N, et al. State-of-the-art of phase-change thermal storage at middle-low temperature[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2014, 3(3): 179-190.
2	程素雅, 陈宝明, 郭梦雪, 等. 翅片排布方式对矩形腔相变材料熔化的影响[J]. 煤气与热力, 2020, 40(4): 7-12, 15, 41.
	CHENG S Y, CHEN B M, GUO M X, et al. Effect of fin arrangement on melting of phase change material in rectangular cavity[J]. Gas ＆ Heat, 2020, 40(4): 7-12, 15, 41.
3	HASSAN A K, ABDULATEEF J, MAHDI M S, et al. Experimental evaluation of thermal performance of two different finned latent heat storage systems[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2020, 21: doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2020.100675.
4	刘芳, 于航. 泡沫金属/石蜡复合相变材料蓄热过程的数值模拟[J]. 建筑节能, 2010, 38(2): 38-40.
	LIU F, YU H. Numerical simulation of metal foam/paraffin melting process[J]. Building Energy Efficiency, 2010, 38(2): 38-40.
5	MANI D, SARANPRABHU M K, RAJAN K S. Intensification of thermal energy storage using copper-pentaerythritol nanocomposites for renewable energy utilization[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 163: 625-634.
6	杨磊, 张小松. 多熔点相变材料堆积蓄热床蓄热性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(4): 1032-1037.
	YANG L, ZHANG X S. Charge performance of packed bed thermal storage unit with phase change material having different melting points[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(4): 1032-1037.
7	李超, 马良栋, 张吉礼, 等. 多相变材料蓄热器蓄热特性数值模拟研究[J]. 建筑热能通风空调, 2015, 34(5): 18-22.
	LI C, MA L D, ZHANG J L, et al. Numerical simulation of thermal energy storage characteristics of multiple phase change materials[J]. Building Energy ＆ Environment, 2015, 34(5): 18-22.
8	李赛维, 陶希军, 孙志强. 结构参数对管壳式相变储热单元熔化过程性能提升的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 52(1): 8-18.
	LI S W, TAO X J, SUN Z Q. Influence of structural parameters on improvement of melting performance in shell-and-tube latent heat storage unit[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2021, 52(1): 8-18.
9	袁艳平, 吉洪湖, 杜雁霞. 相变储能单元融化过程的传热强化[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2008, 40(2): 151-156.
	YUAN Y P, JI H H, DU Y X. Enhancement of heat transfer for thermal storage cells during melting process[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics ＆ Astronautics, 2008, 40(2): 151-156.
10	KUMAR A, SAHA S K. Performance study of a novel funnel shaped shell and tube latent heat thermal energy storage system[J]. Renewable Energy, 2021, 165: 731-747.
11	霍宇涛, 陈之琳, 饶中浩. 方腔内相变材料固液相变传热研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2020, 41(3): 615-620.
	HUO Y T, CHEN Z L, RAO Z H. Investigation of heat transfer for solid-liquid phase change in a square cavity[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2020, 41(3): 615-620.
12	QAISER R, KHAN M M, AHMED H F, et al. Performance enhancement of latent energy storage system using effective designs of tubes and shell[J]. Energy Reports, 2022, 8: 3856-3872.
13	SODHI G S, KUMAR V, MUTHUKUMAR P. Design assessment of a horizontal shell and tube latent heat storage system: Alternative to fin designs[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 44: doi: 10.1016/j.est.2021.103282.
14	张永学, 王梓熙, 鲁博辉, 等. 雪花型翅片提高相变储热单元储/放热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 521-530.
	ZHANG Y X, WANG Z X, LU B H, et al. Enhancement of charging and discharging performance of a latent-heat thermal-energy storage unit using snowflake-shaped fins[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(2): 521-530.
15	MAO Q J, LI Y. Experimental and numerical investigation on enhancing heat transfer performance of a phase change thermal storage tank[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2020, 31: doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101725.
16	赵敬德, 樊杰, 杜畅. 肋片长度对相变材料熔化过程影响的数值模拟[J]. 东华大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 47(4): 93-98.
	ZHAO J D, FAN J, DU C. Numerical simulation of the effect of fin length on melting process of phase change materials[J]. Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science), 2021, 47(4): 93-98.
17	SEDDEGH S, WANG X L, HENDERSON A D. A comparative study of thermal behaviour of a horizontal and vertical shell-and-tube energy storage using phase change materials[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 93: 348-358.
18	SHEN G, WANG X L, CHAN A, et al. Investigation on optimal shell-to-tube radius ratio of a vertical shell-and-tube latent heat energy storage system[J]. Solar Energy, 2020, 211: 732-743.
19	周慧琳, 邱燕. 矩形单元蓄热特性及结构优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(4): 1082-1090.
	ZHOU H L, QIU Y. Heat storage characteristic and structure optimum inrectangular unit[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(4): 1082-1090.

物理量	测试条件	模拟方法	数值
密度	303～353 K	Boussinesq	885 kg/m³
比热容	303～353 K	Piecewise-linear	303 K: 7103 J/(kg·K); 313 K: 3085 J/(kg·K); 323 K: 11530 J/(kg·K) 333 K: 2097 J/(kg·K); 343 K: 2106 J/(kg·K); 353 K: 2130 J/(kg·K)
热导率	303～353 K	Constant	0.279 W/(m·K)
动态黏度	/	Constant	1.72e-05 kg/(m·s)
热膨胀系数	/	Constant	0.0006 K^-1
相变潜热	253～363 K	Constant	172620 J/kg
固相温度	253～363 K	Constant	302 K
液相温度	253～363 K	Constant	322 K

楔形比X	切体高度S/mm	系统高度H/mm	完全熔化时间T/min	熔化时间缩短比率
0	0	350	750	/
1	50	361.3	833	-11%
2	100	372.5	930	-24%
3	150	383.8	730	2.6%
4	200	395.1	690	8%
5	250	406.3	540	28%
6	300	417.6	640	14.7%
7	350	428.8	690	8%

[1]	王君雷, 张第玲, 王昆, 许东东, 徐祥贵, 姚华, 刘文巍, 黄云. 碳酸盐/高炉矿渣定型复合相变储热材料的制备与性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(9): 3028-3034.
[2]	蒋铖一, 钟尊睿, 吴自德, 彭浩. C₈H₁₈～C₁₁H₂₄ 混合烷烃体系相变材料的热力学性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1957-1967.
[3]	周新宇, 栾道成, 胡志华, 凌俊华, 文科林, 刘浪, 阴志铭, 米书恒, 王正云. 含碳二元系相变储热材料储热性能分析选择[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(4): 1175-1183.
[4]	李钰颖, 魏雯珍, 李琦, 吴玉庭. 可用于低中温热能储存的四元硝酸盐/埃洛石/石墨定型复合材料的制备与研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(3): 1044-1051.
[5]	郭云琪, 盛楠, 朱春宇, 饶中浩. 基于模板法制备氧化铝纤维及其石蜡复合相变材料热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 511-520.
[6]	张永学, 王梓熙, 鲁博辉, 杨胜旗, 赵泓宇. 雪花型翅片提高相变储热单元储/放热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(2): 521-530.
[7]	张琦, 王玉静, 李银雷, 刘重阳. 一种新型蓄冷储热复合相变材料及其应用[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3133-3141.
[8]	徐子杰, 王燕. 多孔基无机复合相变材料的蓄热特性[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3171-3179.
[9]	柴进, 王军, 倪奇强. 纳米颗粒协同肋片强化相变材料传热性能试验[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3161-3170.
[10]	常洋珲, 孙志高. 十五烷微胶囊潜热型功能流体的制备及其性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(10): 3123-3132.
[11]	张晓光, 潘晓楠, 李金铭, 刘丽, 何燕. 电池排布对锂电池组相变热管理性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 127-135.
[12]	次恩达, 王会, 李晓卿, 张英, 张振迎, 李建强. 六水硝酸镁-硝酸锂共晶盐/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及性能强化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 30-37.
[13]	安治国, 张显, 祝惠, 张春杰. 蜂窝状CPCM/水冷复合式圆柱型锂电池散热性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 211-220.
[14]	吴熠, 张超, 凌子夜, 张正国, 方晓明. 石蜡/SEBS复合相变材料热疗鼻贴的研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1285-1291.
[15]	黄菊花, 陈强, 曹铭, 张亚舫, 刘自强, 胡金. 相变材料与水套式液冷结构耦合的圆柱型锂离子电池组热管理仿真分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(4): 1423-1431.