电池排布对锂电池组相变热管理性能的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0367

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究电池单体排布对锂电池组热管理性能的影响，采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立相变冷却耦合空气冷却锂电池组散热模型，模拟不同单体电池间距以及相变材料用量下电池组温度场变化情况。研究发现，当单体电池均匀排布时，随着电池间距的增大，相变冷却系统内温差先降低后升高，在10 mm时温度均匀性最优。维持相变材料用量不变，优化电池单体排布，有序减小电池组中心到外缘的电池间距，发现电池组内最高温升和最大温差均低于均匀排布时的值，热管理性能提升，且外界空气冷却的对流换热系数越大提升效果越明显。在优化排布的基础上减小相变材料用量，模拟发现，优化排布下相变材料用量减少12%后电池组内最高温升基本不变，但最大温差下降了34%。结果表明，优化单体电池间距在提升电池组热管理性能的同时实现了减少相变材料用量的目标。优化后的电池组结构可为相变冷却策略下的电池热管理系统提供有效参考。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 相变材料, 单体电池间隙, 数值模拟, 热管理

Abstract:

In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics software is used to establish a phase-change cooling-coupled air-cooled lithium battery pack heat dissipation model to explore the influence of single cell arrangement on the thermal management performance of lithium battery packs. The temperature field changes under different cell spacing and phase-change material (PCM) consumptions are simulated. When the single cells are evenly arranged, the maximum temperature difference first decreases and then increases with the spacing increase. The temperature uniformity is the best at 10 mm. Under the same amount of PCM, the cell spacing from the center to the outer edge of the battery pack is reduced in an orderly manner to optimize the battery layout. Compared to those under a uniform arrangement, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference under a non-uniform arrangement increases and decreases, respectively. Consequently, the thermal management performance is improved. The larger the convective heat transfer coefficient of the external air cooling, the better the optimization effect. The amount of PCM is further optimized on the basis of an optimized arrangement. The performed simulation shows that the maximum temperature rise in the battery string is basically unchanged under the optimized arrangement when the amount of PCM is reduced by 12%. The maximum temperature difference is reduced by approximately 34%. These results indicate that the optimization of single battery spacing can improve the thermal management performance of the battery pack and reduce the amount of PCM. The optimized battery pack structure is an effective reference for the thermal management system under the phase-change cooling strategy.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, phase change material, the spacing of single battery, numerical simulation, thermal management

中图分类号:

TM 912

张晓光, 潘晓楠, 李金铭, 刘丽, 何燕. 电池排布对锂电池组相变热管理性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(1): 127-135.

Xiaoguang ZHANG, Xiaonan PAN, Jinming LI, Li LIU, Yan HE. Effect of battery arrangement on the phase change thermal management performance of lithium-ion battery packs[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(1): 127-135.

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编号	d₁/mm	d₂/mm	d₃/mm	最高温度/K	最大温差/K
1	10	10	5	316.44	1.39
2	11	10	4	316.36	1.15
3	12	10	3	316.43	1.33
4	12	11	2	316.49	1.40
5	13	10	2	316.57	1.61
6	13	11	1	316.68	1.73
7	14	10	1	316.76	1.98
8	15	9	1	316.84	2.29

编号	d₁/mm	d₂/mm	d₃/mm	最高温度/K	最大温差/K
1	10	10	5	316.36	2.05
2	11	10	4	316.27	1.76
3	12	10	3	316.20	1.51
4	12	11	2	316.12	1.35
5	13	10	2	316.13	1.43
6	13	11	1	316.18	1.49
7	14	10	1	316.26	1.81
8	15	9	1	316.35	2.28

编号	d₁/mm	d₂/mm	d₃/mm	最高温度/K	最大温差/K
1	10	10	5	316.28	3.14
2	11	10	4	316.17	2.88
3	12	10	3	316.09	2.62
4	12	11	2	316.01	2.59
5	13	10	2	316.02	2.36
6	13	11	1	315.93	2.22
7	14	10	1	315.95	2.08
8	15	9	1	315.98	2.41

d₁/mm	d₂/mm	d₃/mm	最高温度/K	最大温差/K
11	9	3	316.28	2.54
11	10	2	316.20	2.50
12	9	2	316.21	2.27
13	9	1	316.14	1.99
14	8	1	316.16	2.07
15	7	1	316.19	2.54

d₁/mm	d₂/mm	d₃/mm	最高温度/K	最大温差/K
10	9	3	316.36	2.58
11	9	2	316.28	2.33
12	8	2	316.29	2.14
13	8	1	316.23	1.93
14	7	1	316.26	2.14
15	6	1	316.30	2.61