锂离子电池智能消防及其研究方法

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池是储能领域最具应用前景和市场价值的一类电化学器件，电池安全备受关注。研究电池热失控及智能消防对于提高储能系统安全性具有重要意义。本文对目前锂离子电池安全及智能消防方面的研究进行了梳理，现阶段的电池安全研究主要集中在本征安全、检测安全以及消防安全三个层面，但受限于该领域的研究起步较晚，依旧存在较多问题。我们结合锂离子电池安全研究现状，分析了电池热失控的过程及前后特点，指出了目前电池消防系统中存在的问题，并由此提出了电池智能消防系统的基本框架及其研究方法。通过将实际条件与实验条件结合分析，针对实验硬件和检测指标开展了讨论；重点聚焦研究平台中的电池燃烧载体的搭建与设计思路，并对热失控触发方式和喷淋系统的设计进行了总结与分析；同时提出了现有消防检测系统在锂电领域应用的局限性，详细介绍了锂离子电池智能消防中包括温度、电压、早期产气等重要预警指标的作用和其在研究中常用的采集及分析方式。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热失控, 储能, 智能消防, 测试方法

Abstract:

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is one of the most promising electrochemical devices for energy storage. The safety of batteries is under threat. It is critical to conduct research on battery intelligent fire protection systems to improve the safety of energy storage systems. Here, we summarize the current research on the safety management of LIBs. Currently, battery safety research is primarily focused on intrinsic safety, detection safety, and fire safety, which can essentially cover the upstream and downstream LIB safety issues. However, due to the delayed start of such research in this field, numerous issues still exist. The enhancement in intrinsic safety should also consider the users' demand for battery energy density, the advancement of detection safety should eliminate the shackles of traditional fire prevention ideology, and fire protection safety requires finding effective fire extinguishing agents that can cope with the complicated conditions of LIB combustion. Based on the progress of LIB safety research, we demonstrate the thermal runaway process and fire characteristics of LIBs, highlight the challenges in current battery fire protection techniques, and propose the basic framework of intelligent fire protection systems and research methods. By examining the actual and experimental conditions, the experimental hardware and test indices are discussed. We concentrate on the research platform's carrier design, thermal runaway mode, and fire extinguishing system design. By summarizing the relevant equipment, a reference test specification can be provided for future research. Simultaneously, the limitations of the existing fire detection system in the field of LIBs are proposed. The important warning prediction of intelligent fire protection for LIBs based on temperature, voltage, and early gas generation and analysis methods in the research are presented in detail, which will assist researchers in better designing their experiments and providing more effective data for intelligent fire protection for LIBs. We combined the existing LIBs safety-related research devices, methods, and detection standards by summarizing them with the intelligent fire protection analysis of LIBs, which has some reference value for future research in this field.

Key words: Li-ion battery, thermal runaway, energy storage, intelligent fire protection, test method

中图分类号:

X 932

丁奕, 杨艳, 陈锴, 曾涛, 黄云辉. 锂离子电池智能消防及其研究方法[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(6): 1822-1833.

DING Yi, YANG Yan, CHEN Kai, ZENG Tao, HUANG Yunhui. Intelligent fire protection of lithium-ion battery and its research method[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(6): 1822-1833.

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