基于三维分层结构的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合仿真及极耳优化

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0245

储能科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (3): 831-839.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2019.0245

基于三维分层结构的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合仿真及极耳优化

陈才星¹, 牛慧昌¹(), 陆瑞强², 李钊¹, 李磊¹, 黄鑫炎³

^1. 广州中国科学院工业技术研究院新能源热安全工程技术研究中心，广东广州 511458
^2. 广州海关技术中心, 广东广州 510623
^3. 香港理工大学屋宇设备工程系, 香港九龙

收稿日期:2019-11-04 修回日期:2019-12-03 出版日期:2020-05-05 发布日期:2019-12-18
通讯作者: 牛慧昌 E-mail:niuhuichang@gziit.ac.cn
作者简介:陈才星（1991—），男，硕士研究生，助理工程师，研究方向为动力电池热安全防护，E-mail：chencaixing@gziit.ac.cn；
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0104100)

Electrochemical-thermal coupled simulation and tab optimization of lithium ion battery based on three-dimensional multi-layer structure

CHEN Caixing¹, NIU Huichang¹(), LU Ruiqiang², LI Zhao¹, LI Lei¹, HUANG Xinyan³

^1. Institute of Industry Technology, Guangzhou & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458，Guangdong, China
^2. Guangzhou District Customs Center, Guangzhou 510623，Guangdong, China
^3. Department of Building Services Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong，China

Received:2019-11-04 Revised:2019-12-03 Online:2020-05-05 Published:2019-12-18
Contact: Huichang NIU E-mail:niuhuichang@gziit.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文研究采用基于三维分层结构的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合模型，分析方形电池最小单元的温度场及电流场特性，并优化极耳尺寸。恒流放电工况实验及仿真结果对比显示，模型在0.5 C、1 C及2 C倍率放电时的温度及电压曲线均与实验吻合良好，说明该模型可用于分析电池的电化学特性及热特性。研究发现随着放电倍率的增大，放电终止时刻电池最大温升以凸型曲线的趋势升高，2 C倍率放电时高达33.83 ℃；自身最大温差以凹型曲线的趋势增大，2 C倍率放电时为1.6645 ℃；垂直于隔膜方向的平均电流密度及电流密度分布的最大差值呈线性增长，2 C倍率放电终止时分别为43.62 A/m²及2 A/m²。进一步研究发现电池最大温升及最大温差与负极耳和正极耳的电阻比Sc显著相关，最优的Sc值被认为在0.875附近。当Sc＜0.875时，电池最大温升及最大温差分别以1.52 ℃/Sc及5.2 ℃/Sc的速率快速下降；当Sc＞0.875时，电池最大温升以0.2021 ℃/Sc的缓慢速率下降，最大温差以0.1934 ℃/Sc的速率缓慢上升。另外垂直于隔膜方向的平均离子电流密度及电流密度差值受Sc值的影响较小。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 三维分层, 电化学-热耦合, 仿真, 极耳优化

Abstract:

This work focused on the electrochemical-thermal coupled simulation of lithium-ion battery based on three-dimensional multi-layer structure. Temperature and current characteristics of the smallest unit of prismatic battery were analyzed, and tab size was optimized. Temperature and voltage results of experiments under 0.5 C, 1 C, and 2 C constant current discharge processes agreed well with the simulation, and indicated that the model could be furtherly used to analyze the electrochemical and thermal characteristics of the batteries. It was found that with the increase of discharge rate, the maximum temperature rise of the battery at the end of discharge increased in the trend of the convex curve, and it was high to 33.83 ℃ at the end of 2 C discharge process. And The increasing trend of the maximum temperature difference was in the concave curve, which was 1.6645 ℃ at 2 C discharge process. Both the average current density perpendicular to the separator and the current density difference were found linearly increased with the increasing discharge rate. At the end of 2 C discharge process, they were 43.62 A/m² and 2.0 A/m², respectively. Besides, the temperature rise and maximum temperature difference of the battery were significantly correlated with the resistance ratio of the negative tab to positive tab (Sc). The optimal Sc value was considered to be around 0.875. When Sc was less than 0.875, the maximum temperature rise and maximum temperature difference decreased rapidly at a rate of 1.52 ℃/Sc and 5.2 ℃/Sc respectively. When Sc was greater than 0.875, the maximum temperature rise decreased at a slow rate of 0.2021 ℃/Sc, and the maximum temperature difference increasing rate was 0.1934 ℃/Sc. In addition, the average current density perpendicular to the separator and the current density difference were found little affected by Sc.

Key words: lithium-ion batteries, three-dimensional multi-layer structure, electrochemical-thermal couple, simulation, tab optimization

中图分类号:

TM 911

陈才星, 牛慧昌, 陆瑞强, 李钊, 李磊, 黄鑫炎. 基于三维分层结构的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合仿真及极耳优化[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 831-839.

CHEN Caixing, NIU Huichang, LU Ruiqiang, LI Zhao, LI Lei, HUANG Xinyan. Electrochemical-thermal coupled simulation and tab optimization of lithium ion battery based on three-dimensional multi-layer structure[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 831-839.

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参考文献 18

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参数	铜箔	负极	隔膜	正极	铝箔
层厚度 L/μm	3（half）	63	16	86.5	7.5（half）
活性材料体积分数ε _s	—	0.565^Est	—	0.518^Est	—
孔隙率ε _l	—	0.33^Est	0.4	0.332^Est	—
粒径R _s /μm	—	12	—	2	—
最大浓度c _max /mol·m^-3	—	31370 ^[16,18]	—	22806 ^[16,18]	—
初始荷电状态SOC₀	—	0.90 ^Est	—	0.04^Est	—
电荷传递数α	—	0.5 ^[16,18]	—	0.5 ^[16,18]	—
反应速率k _0,ref /m^2.5 ·mol^-0.5 ·s^-1	—	1.764×10^{-11 [17,18]}	—	3.626×10^{-11 [17,18]}	—
反应活化能E _aR /kJ·mol^-1	—	4 ^[17,18]	—	4 ^[17,18]	—
扩散速率D _ref /m² ·s^-1	—	3.9×10^{-14 [16,17]}		1.25×10^{-15 [17]}	—
扩散活化能E _ad /kJ·mol^-1	—	4 ^[17,18]	—	20 ^[17,18]	—
电导率σ /S·m^-1	5.998×10⁷	2 ^[17]	—	0.05^Fit	3.774×10⁷
离子传递数t₊	—	—	0.363 ^[16,17]	-	—
密度ρ /kg·m^-3	8960	1810	1250	2330	2700
比热容c_p/J·(kg·K)^-1	385	1437 ^[16,17]	2055 ^[16]	1260 ^[16,17]	900
导热系数λ /W·(m·K)^-1	400	1.04 ^[16,17]	0.16^Est	1.48 ^[16,17]	238

序号	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
正极耳宽度W _pos/mm	95.5	75.2	57.9	43.4	28.9	25.3	21.7	18.1	14.5
电阻比Sc	3.30	2.6	2.0	1.5	1	0.875	0.75	0.625	0.5

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基于三维分层结构的锂离子电池电化学-热耦合仿真及极耳优化

Electrochemical-thermal coupled simulation and tab optimization of lithium ion battery based on three-dimensional multi-layer structure

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