锂离子电池安全预警方法综述

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0158

储能科学与技术 ›› 2020, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (6): 1926-1932.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0158

锂离子电池安全预警方法综述

赖铱麟¹(), 杨　凯²(), 刘　皓², 章姝俊³, 张明杰², 范茂松²

^1.中国电力科学研究院有限公司储能与电工新技术研究所，北京 100192
^2.中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
^3.国网浙江省电力有限公司，浙江杭州 310007

收稿日期:2020-04-27 修回日期:2020-06-03 出版日期:2020-11-05 发布日期:2020-10-28
通讯作者: 杨　凯 E-mail:benson771845941@163.com;yangkai@epri.sgcc.com.cn
作者简介:赖铱麟（1996—），男，工程师，研究方向为锂离子电池储能及安全，E-mail：benson771845941@163.com；
基金资助:
国家电网公司科技项目(5419-201955382A-0-0-00)

Lithium-ion battery safety warning methods review

Yilin LAI¹(), Kai YANG²(), Hao LIU², Shujun ZHANG³, Mingjie ZHANG², Maosong FAN²

^1.Energy Storage and New Electrical Technology Research Institute of China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China
^2.China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd. , Beijing 100192, China
^3.State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. , Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China

Received:2020-04-27 Revised:2020-06-03 Online:2020-11-05 Published:2020-10-28
Contact: Kai YANG E-mail:benson771845941@163.com;yangkai@epri.sgcc.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锂离子电池自问世以来，凭借其能量密度高、循环寿命长等优点，已经被广泛应用于人们生活的各个方面。然而锂离子电池本身有着不可忽视的安全问题，锂离子电池因热失控引发的火灾、爆炸等事故造成了不可避免的财产损失和人员伤亡，锂离子电池的安全问题也越来越受到人们关注。本文结合了热失控的相关知识，分析了电池出现热失控时出现的温度、内阻、电压、电池内部压力及生成的气体等特征参数，从这些特征参数着手对现有的锂离子电池热失控进行安全预警方法进行了总结并对未来的电池预警发展趋势做了分析与展望。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 预警, 特征参数, 温度, 特征气体

Abstract:

Since its invention, the lithium-ion battery has been widely used in various aspects of human life due to its advantages of high-energy density and long cycle life, among others. However, the safety problem of the lithium-ion battery cannot be ignored. Accidents, such as fire hazards and explosions caused by the thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery cause inevitable property loss and casualties. Hence, many researchers have been paying attention to the safety problems of the lithium-ion battery. This study analyzes existing early warming methods of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway from characteristic parameters like temperature, resistance, voltage, and inside pressure and the produced gas of the batteries combined with the knowledge of thermal runaway, concludes the normal early warning methods, and performs analyzation and prospect of the development of future early battery warming methods.

Key words: lithium-ion battery, warning methods, characteristic parameters, temperature, characteristic gas

中图分类号:

TM 911

赖铱麟, 杨　凯, 刘　皓, 章姝俊, 张明杰, 范茂松. 锂离子电池安全预警方法综述[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1926-1932.

Yilin LAI, Kai YANG, Hao LIU, Shujun ZHANG, Mingjie ZHANG, Maosong FAN. Lithium-ion battery safety warning methods review[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1926-1932.

图/表 7

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编号	T/℃	化学反应	热量/J·g^-1	说明
1	90～120	SEI膜分解	—	—
2	110～150	Li_xC₆与电解质反应	350	钝化膜破裂
3	130～180	PE隔膜熔化	-190	吸热
4	160～190	PP隔膜熔化	-90	吸热
5	180～500	Li_0.3NiO₂与电解质的分解	600	释氧温度约200 ℃
6	220～500	Li_0.45NiO₂与电解质的分解	450	释氧温度约230 ℃
7	150～300	Li_0.1Mn₂O₄与电解质的分解	450	释氧温度约300 ℃
8	130～220	溶剂与LiPF₆反应	250	能量较低
9	240～350	Li_xC₆与PVDF反应	1500	剧烈的链增长
10	660	铝集流体的熔化	-395	吸热

检测项目	测试结果及样品标识
检测项目	1^#电池表面60 ℃	2^#电池表面70 ℃	3^#电池表面78 ℃	4^#电池表面86.7 ℃	5^#电池表面100 ℃	6^#电池停止充电后
CO	17.4×10^-6	0.15×10^-2	0.34×10^-2	0.51×10^-2	0.69×10^-2	0.78×10^-2
CO₂	0.079×10^-2	0.61×10^-2	1.34×10^-2	2.76×10^-2	4.46×10^-2	4.98×10^-2
N₂	78.47×10^-2	77.36×10^-2	76.21×10^-2	73.55×10^-2	69.94×10^-2	68.79×10^-2
C₂H₄	0.69×10^-6	105×10^-6	436×10^-6	0.34×10^-2	1.16×10^-2	1.64×10^-2
C₃H₆	<0.2×10^-6	<0.2×10^-6	0.32×10^-6	2.0×10^-6	23×10^-6	22×10^-6
O₂	21.07×10^-2	20.73×10^-2	20.37×10^-2	19.64×10^-2	18.63×10^-2	18.29×10^-2

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锂离子电池安全预警方法综述

Lithium-ion battery safety warning methods review

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