大容量电池储能的本质安全探索

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0145

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着大型电化学储能项目的大量投产，如何保证大容量储能电池的本质安全成为亟待解决的问题。本文回顾了本质安全概念的演变，介绍了本质安全的内涵。参考煤矿行业本质安全型蓄电池的设计规范，提出了电池储能本质安全分级方案，将电池储能安全等级分为本质安全、非本质安全以及不安全三类。针对储能电池以模组和集装箱形式运行的现状，根据不同的组成形式，将电池储能的本质安全区分为电芯、模组以及集装箱系统三个层面的理解，并分别对其本质安全性进行论述。针对储能电池电芯的本质安全梳理了不同方向的技术路线，围绕水系电池、固态电池和安全剂注入三种技术路线，对其研究与应用进展进行深入探讨，并提出了不同技术路线面临的本质安全挑战，展望了未来大容量储能电池的本质安全应用前景。

关键词: 电池储能, 本质安全, 传统安全

Abstract:

With the extensive production of various large electrochemical energy storage projects, the method to ensure the intrinsic safety of high-capacity energy storage batteries has emerged as the most pressing issue in the industry. This paper reviews the evolution of the concept of intrinsic safety and introduces the concept's connotation. To summarize, this study uses the design rules of intrinsically safe batteries in the coal industry as a guideline and proposes a grading scheme for intrinsic safety battery energy storage, which categorizes the safety level of energy storage batteries into three categories: intrinsic safety, extrinsic safety, and unsafe. Given the current state of energy storage batteries in the form of modules and containers, this study divides the intrinsic safety of energy storage batteries into three distinct aspects based on their composition, namely: battery cell, module, and container system, and discusses the intrinsic safety of the three composition forms separately. In addition, the technical route of different directions is introduced in light of the intrinsic safety of the battery core, based on the three technology routes of aqueous battery, solid-state battery, and safener injection, and the study and application progress related to them are discussed and ordered, and the intrinsic safety challenges faced by different routes, as well as the future application prospects of the high-capacity energy storage battery, are put forward.

Key words: battery energy storage, intrinsically safe, traditional securit

中图分类号:

TM 912

张添奥, 刘昊, 陈永翀, 王青松, 张淑兴, 曾其权. 大容量电池储能的本质安全探索[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(6): 2293-2302.

Tianao ZHANG, Hao LIU, Yongchong CHEN, Qingsong WANG, Shuxing ZHANG, Qiquan ZENG. Intrinsic safety of energy storage in a high-capacity battery[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 2293-2302.

图/表 1

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