考虑灵活性负荷异构性质的多类型储能优化配置

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0395

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灵活性负荷与多类型储能协调优化是实现电力系统电力电量平衡的重要方法，随着大规模灵活性负荷广泛接入电网并参与需求侧响应，灵活性负荷的异构特性已难以适应电网规模化调控需求、无法充分挖掘其调节潜力。本工作提出了考虑灵活性异构负荷的多类型储能优化配置策略，通过聚类灵活性异构负荷建立泛化模型，匹配负荷特性与电网调控需求。首先，基于灵活性异构负荷用电曲线和调节潜力的差异化特性，将典型异构负荷聚类为可转移负荷、可削减负荷和可调节负荷，并建立相应的泛化模型；基于此，提出灵活性异构负荷与多类型储能协调优化策略，以计及发电侧、电网侧、储能侧和负荷侧成本的系统综合运行成本为优化目标，利用混合整数线性规划(mixed integer linear programming， MILP)实现多类型储能的最优配置；最后，通过算例对比分析验证了所提协调优化方案的可行性与有效性，相比于单独考虑灵活性负荷、储能参与系统调控，灵活性负荷与多类型储能协调优化不仅可以实现地区电网电力电量平衡，而且可以降低系统运行成本，提升电网经济效益。

关键词: 灵活性负荷, 异构负荷聚类, 多类型储能, 混合整数规划

Abstract:

Coordinated optimization of flexible loads and multitype energy storages is a key strategy to achieve a power balance in the system. With large-scale flexible loads widely connected to the grid and participating in demand-side response, the heterogeneous characteristics of flexible loads make them difficult to adapt to the large-scale regulation demand of the grid and prevent them from exploring the full potential for regulation. Accordingly, this study proposes an optimal configuration strategy for multitype energy storages considering flexible heterogeneous loads and establishes a generalized model to match load characteristics and grid regulation demands using clustering flexible heterogeneous loads. First, according to the differentiated power consumption curve and regulation potential of flexible heterogeneous loads, the typical heterogeneous loads are clustered into transferable, cuttable, and adjustable loads with the corresponding generalization model. Accordingly, the coordinated optimization strategy of flexible heterogeneous loads and multitype energy storages is proposed. Meanwhile, with the optimization objective of total system-operating cost considering the cost of generations, grid, energy storages, and loads, the optimal configuration of multitype energy storages is achieved by mixed integer linear programming. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the proposed coordinated optimization strategy are verified using a comparative analysis of cases. Compared with flexible loads or energy storages participating in system regulation alone, coordinated optimization of flexible loads and multitype energy storages can achieve a power balance of regional grids, reduce system operating costs, and enhance grid economic benefits.

Key words: flexible loads, heterogeneous loads clustering, multi-type energy storages, MILP

中图分类号:

TM 732

马志程, 周强, 张金平, 王定美, 高鹏飞. 考虑灵活性负荷异构性质的多类型储能优化配置[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3926-3936.

Zhicheng MA, Qiang ZHOU, Jinping ZHANG, Dingmei WANG, Pengfei GAO. Optimal configuration of multitype energy storages considering heterogeneous flexible loads[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3926-3936.

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	参数	额定功率/MW	运行区间/MW
发电侧	火力发电机组	270	[162，270]
	风力发电	63	[0，P_N ]
	光伏出力	54	[0，P_N ]
负荷侧	可转移负荷	82	[0，P_N ]
	可削减负荷	53	[0.7×P(t)，P(t)]
	可调节负荷	52	[0.7×P(t)，1.3×P(t)]

参数	锂离子电池	压缩空气储能	超级电容
配置储能额定功率最小值/MW	30^[28]	60^[28]	10^[28]
配置储能额定功率最大值/MW	80^[28]	200^[28]	50^[28]
使用年限/年	10^[25]	30^[25]	30^[25]
比例系数η_S，_i	4	10	0.05
初始SOC	0.5	0.5	0.5
SOC范围	[0，1]	[0，1]	[0，1]
建设成本/[元/(MW·d)]	240	800	1096
运维成本/(元/MW)	60	35	20

储能类型	额定功率 /MW	额定容量 /MWh	建设成本 /(万元/天)	运维成本 /(万元/天)
锂离子电池	80	320	1.92	1.15
压缩空气储能	92	920	7.34	3.89
超级电容	0	0	0	0

储能类型	额定功率 /MW	额定容量 /MWh	建设成本 /(万元/天)	运维成本 /(万元/天)
锂离子电池	30	120	0.72	0.72
压缩空气储能	98	980	7.91	4.15
超级电容	0	0	0	0

算例	减碳成本/(万元/天)	火电成本/(万元/天)	需求响应成本/(万元/天)	储能成本/(万元/天)	综合运行成本/(万元/天)
算例1	242.42	132.23	3.69	0	492.33
算例2	242.14	132.08	0	14.3	388.52
算例3	230.33	125.64	7.52	13.5	376.98