基于纳什谈判的多能VPP群协同优化运行策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0404

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着新能源规模的不断扩大以及各种资本进入电力市场，未来电网运行将呈现出多虚拟电厂(virtual power plant，VPP)相互合作并竞争的博弈格局。为解决电网优化运行和市场主体利益分配问题，本工作提出了基于纳什谈判的多能VPP间协同优化运行模型。首先，针对包含燃气轮机、热泵、多种储能装置、电热冷负荷等的多能VPP，构建基于纳什谈判理论的多能VPP群优化运行模型；其次，为解决复杂非凸非线性优化的求解问题，依据均值不等式将模型转化为多能VPP效益最大化和多能VPP间电能支付值两个子问题；再次，考虑到各VPP间信息隐私安全，采用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers，ADMM)对上述两个子问题进行分布式求解。本工作选取了三个多能VPP进行算例分析，结果表明本工作提出的优化方法可以实现在兼顾公平性的前提下提升各VPP的收益和整体收益。

关键词: 多能VPP群, 纳什谈判, 交替方向乘子法, 运行优化

Abstract:

Multiple virtual power plants (VPP) will cooperate and compete with each other in the operation of the future power grid because of the constant growth of the scale of new energy sources and the entry of diverse capitals into the power market. A collaborative optimal operation model between multi-energy VPPs based on the Nash bargaining theory is proposed to solve the problem of optimal power grid operation and market players' interest distribution. First, for the multi-energy VPP, including the gas turbine, heat pump, various energy storage devices, electric load, thermal load, cooling load, etc., a multi-energy VPP group optimization operation model based on Nash negotiation theory is constructed. Second, to solve the complex non-convex nonlinear optimization problem, based on the mean value inequality, the model is transformed into two sub-problems of multi-energy VPP benefit maximization and energy payment value between multi-energy VPPs. Third, considering the information privacy and security between VPPs, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is employed to solve the above two sub-problems in a distributed manner. Three multi-energy VPPs were selected for this study's example analysis. The results show that when fairness is considered, the optimization method proposed in this study can improve both the income and overall income of each VPP.

Key words: multi-energy VPP, Nash bargaining, ADMM, operation optimization

中图分类号:

TM 73

解玄弘, 谢敬东. 基于纳什谈判的多能VPP群协同优化运行策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2022, 11(12): 3937-3949.

Xuanhong XIE, Jingdong XIE. Coordinative optimal operation of multi-energy virtual power plants clusters based on nash bargaining[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2022, 11(12): 3937-3949.

图/表 22

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表1

表A1

VPP系统参数"

参数	数值	参数	数值/kW
η_{MT, e}	0.3	η_PV	0.88
η_WHB_,_h	0.8	$B i, m i n E S$	600
COP_HP	4.5	$B i, m a x E S$	3000
COP_EC	4.0	$B i, m a x H S$	300
COP_AC	0.7	$B i, m i n H S$	3000
$σ i E S$	0.01	$B i, 0 E S$	1200
$σ i H S$	0.01	$B i, 0 H S$	1200
$η i E S, c h$	0.95	$P i, m a x M T$	4000
$η i E S, d i s$	0.95	$H i, m a x M T$	4000
$η i H S, c h$	0.9	$H i, m a x H P$	1200
$η i H S, d i s$	0.9	$P i, m a x E C$	1440
η_WT	0.85	$H i, m a x A C$	2000

表A1

表A2

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图A1

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图A8

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VPP编号	纳什谈判前成本/元	纳什谈判后成本/元	效益提升值/元	效益提升率
VPP1	58254.889	55663.883	2591.007	4.53%
VPP2	30783.702	28193.002	2590.700	8.70%
VPP3	51444.750	48853.975	2590.775	5.14%
VPP联盟	140483.341	132710.86	7772.483	5.53%

设备类型	单价/(元/kW)	设备类型	单价/(元/kW)
燃气轮机	0.063	吸收制冷机	0.008
热泵	0.007	电储能	0.005
电制冷机	0.0097	热储能	0.002

类别	时段	价格
天然气	0:00～24:00	2.7元/m³
天然气	22:00～07:00
购电价	07:00～11:00, 14:00～18:00	0.75元/kWh
购电价	11:00～14:00, 18:00～22:00	1.20元/kWh

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