储能电池组多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0616

储能科学与技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (3): 889-898.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0616

储能电池组多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制

郭向伟(), 吴齐, 王晨, 许孝卓(), 赵良军

河南理工大学电气工程与自动化学院，河南焦作 454000

收稿日期:2022-10-21 修回日期:2022-11-14 出版日期:2023-03-05 发布日期:2023-04-14
通讯作者: 许孝卓 E-mail:gxw@hpu.edu.cn;xxz@hpu.edu.cn
作者简介:郭向伟（1987—），男，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为电力电子及其在电池管理系统中的应用，E-mail：gxw@hpu.edu.cn；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52177039);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(23A470006);河南省高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(NSFRF210332)

Research on multi-threshold adaptive clustering group equalization control of energy storage battery pack

Xiangwei GUO(), Qi WU, Chen WANG, Xiaozhuo XU(), Liangjun Zhao

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China

Received:2022-10-21 Revised:2022-11-14 Online:2023-03-05 Published:2023-04-14
Contact: Xiaozhuo XU E-mail:gxw@hpu.edu.cn;xxz@hpu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低储能电池组内各单体间不可避免的一致性差异，提出一种多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制方法。首先，引入结构简单、控制简单、均衡功能完善的单电感储能均衡拓扑，并分析了其均衡原理和控制信号占空比设计过程；其次，提出一种多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制方法，在引入自适应聚类均衡思想的同时，基于一致性差异较小的相邻单体建立群组均衡控制方法，实现均衡能量在包含不同个数相邻单体的电池群组间转移；最后，通过仿真实验，验证了所提多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制相比于基于极差的“单对单”均衡控制，在初始荷电状态(state of charge，SOC)分布中间高、两边低，两边高、中间低，均匀分布的情况下，在保证均衡效率的前提下，均衡速度分别提高了40.4%、24.6%和17.5%，并且均衡结束后各单体SOC相比于电池组平均SOC的离散程度更小。本工作创新了大数量单体构成的储能电池组的均衡思路，有助于改善储能电池组内各单体的一致性差异，提高其能量利用率及循环寿命，促进储能电池组的应用。

关键词: 多阈值, 自适应聚类, 群组均衡, 相邻单体, 均衡速度, 离散程度

Abstract:

A multi-threshold adaptive clustering group equalization control method is suggested to lessen the inevitable consistency discrepancy between the cells in the energy storage battery pack. First, a single-inductor energy storage equalization topology with a simple structure, simple control, and perfect balancing function is presented and its design process of equalization principle and control signal duty cycle is examined. Second, a multi-threshold adaptive clustering cluster equalization control method is proposed. To implement the transmission of equalization energy across battery groups with various numbers of neighboring cells, the concept of cluster equalization is introduced, and a control technique for group equalization is devised based on nearby cells with minor consistency discrepancies. Finally, through the simulation experiment, it is confirmed that compared with the "single to single" equalization control method based on range or average, the proposed adaptive clustering group equalization control method enhances the equalization speed by 40.4%, 24.6%, and 17.5% respectively under the condition that the initial state of charge(SOC) distribution is high in the middle, low in both sides, high in both sides, low in the middle, and uniform distribution, while ensuring the equalization efficiency. Additionally, following equalization, each SOC's discrete degree is lower than the battery pack's average SOC. To improve the consistency difference between each cell within the storage battery pack, increase its energy utilization and cycle life, and encourage the use of energy storage battery packs, this study offers a novel equalization idea for a battery pack made up of many cells used for energy storage

Key words: multi-threshold, adaptive clustering, group equalization, adjacent cells, equalization speed, discrete degree

中图分类号:

TM 912

郭向伟, 吴齐, 王晨, 许孝卓, 赵良军. 储能电池组多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(3): 889-898.

Xiangwei GUO, Qi WU, Chen WANG, Xiaozhuo XU, Liangjun Zhao. Research on multi-threshold adaptive clustering group equalization control of energy storage battery pack[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 889-898.

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参考文献 19

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参数	数值
电池数量/节	12
电池额定容量/Ah	2.6
电池额定电压/V	3.7
电感L/μH	47
二极管导通压降/V	0.4
均衡启动阈值 φ /%	3
开关频率/kHz	10

参数名称	数值
均衡前单体SOC/%	56.1, 56.8, 57.5, 58.3, 59, 60, 59.2, 58, 57.2, 56.5, 55.5, 55
均衡前SOC极差/%	5
均衡后单体SOC/%	55.17, 55.87, 56.57, 57.37, 57.36, 57.96, 57.36, 57.04, 56.24, 55.57, 55.47, 54.97
均衡后SOC极差/%	2.99

单体电量中间高，两边低(B₁～B₁₂)	56.1, 56.8, 57.5, 58.3, 59, 60, 59.2, 58, 57.2, 56.5, 55.5, 55
单体电量两边高，中间低(B₁～B₁₂)	60, 59.2, 58, 57.2, 56.5, 55.5, 55, 56.1, 56.8, 57.5, 58.3, 59
单体电量均匀分布(B₁～B₁₂)	57.2, 59.2, 58, 55, 56.1, 57.5, 59, 60, 56.8, 58.3, 55.5, 56.5

控制方法	单体电量分布情况	均衡后各单体(B₁～B₁₂)SOC/%	均衡效率/%	标准差
“单对单” 均衡	单体电量中间高，两边低	56.10, 56.80, 57.50, 58.30, 58.72, 58.72, 58.72, 57.94, 57.14, 56.44, 55.73, 55.73	99.816	1.1135
	单体电量两边高，中间低	58.72, 58.72, 57.95, 57.15, 56.45, 55.73, 55.73, 56.09, 56.79, 57.49, 58.29, 58.72	99.817	1.1136
	单体电量均匀分布	57.20, 58.74, 57.99, 55.74, 56.07, 57.47, 58.73, 58.73, 56.78, 58.28, 55.74, 56.50	99.836	1.1150
聚类群组控制	单体电量中间高，两边低	56.10, 56.80, 57.50, 58.30, 58.30, 58.90, 58.30, 57.98, 57.18, 56.50, 56.40, 55.90	99.860	0.9640
	单体电量两边高，中间低	58.75, 58.15, 57.97, 57.17, 56.47, 56.25, 55.76, 56.35, 56.79, 57.49, 58.15, 58.75	99.852	0.9773
	单体电量均匀分布	57.20, 58.78, 57.99, 55.79, 56.39, 57.47, 58.19, 58.79, 56.78, 58.28, 55.79, 56.50	99.834	1.0395

储能电池组多阈值自适应聚类群组均衡控制

Research on multi-threshold adaptive clustering group equalization control of energy storage battery pack

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高电量电池群组包含单体个数/节	电感充电阶段占空比/%	电感放电阶段占空比/%
5	16	84
4	20	80
3	25	75
2	34	66
1	50	50