基于Simscape的质子交换膜燃料电池冷却系统建模与温度控制策略

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2022.0703

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)冷却系统模型精度且能够方便有效地对其实现控制，提出基于 Simulink/Simscape构建膨胀水箱、冷却液循环泵、散热器等关键冷却系统模块，对燃料电池冷却系统进行物理建模仿真；水冷型燃料电池电堆的温度与冷却液出入堆温差主要受散热器的空气流量与循环水的流量影响，针对空气流量与循环水流量存在强耦合关系，提出了冷却液流量跟随电流控制，线性自抗扰控制空气流量的联合控制策略，实现了散热风扇和循环水泵控制的解耦；为保证控制策略的有效性，减少整定参数的工作量，提出了精英遗传算法优化ADRC(自抗扰控制)参数的方法，优化后的控制策略应对输入有扰动时，系统的最大超调量仅有1.23%且能在30 s内再次达到稳定，因此能够对燃料电池电堆温度实现有效控制。仿真结果表明通过优化后的控制策略在无干扰或有白噪声干扰的阶跃负载电流影响下，都能够对电堆温度与冷却液温差实现有效控制，具有很强的鲁棒性与抗干扰能力。

关键词: 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC), 冷却系统模型, 流量跟随, 自抗扰控制, 遗传算法优化

Abstract:

To improve the accuracy of the cooling system model of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and control it conveniently and effectively, key cooling system modules, such as an expansion tank, coolant circulating pump, and radiator are constructed based on Simulink/Simscape, and the physical modeling and simulation of the fuel cell cooling system are performed. The temperature of the water-cooled fuel cell stack and the temperature difference between the coolant in and out of the stack are mainly affected by the radiator's airflow and the circulating water flow. Given the strong coupling relationship between the airflow and the circulating water flow, a combined control strategy of the coolant flow following the current control and the linear active disturbance rejection control airflow is proposed, which realizes the decoupling of the cooling fan and the circulating water pump control. Therefore, an elite genetic algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of Active Disturbance Rejection Control to ensure the effectiveness of the control strategy and reduce the workload of setting parameters. When the optimized control strategy is disturbed by the input, the maximum overshoot of the system becomes 1.23% and can be stabilized again within 30 s. Therefore, the temperature of the fuel cell stack can be effectively controlled. Simulation results show that the optimized control approach has excellent resilience and anti-interference ability and can efficiently regulate the stack and coolant temperature difference under the influence of step load current without interference or white noise interference.

Key words: proton exchange membrane fuel cell, cooling system model, traffic following, active disturbance rejection control, genetic algorithm optimization

中图分类号:

TM 911.42

王星, 孙俊, 陈宁芳, 闫立. 基于Simscape的质子交换膜燃料电池冷却系统建模与温度控制策略[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(3): 857-869.

Xing WANG, Jun SUN, Ningfang CHEN, Li YAN. Modeling of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling system based on the Simscape temperature control strategy[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(3): 857-869.

图/表 19

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

传热系数实验数据[16]"

空气流量/( $k g / s$ )	热传导系数/[ $W / (m 2 · K)$ ]
0	20
0.51	35.63
0.65	42.10
0.78	53.46
0.92	59.47
1.17	66.35
1.22	66.74
1.48	73.46
1.66	79.31
1.76	84.10

表2

图4

表3

水泵、散热器、膨胀水箱模型基本参数表"

关键接口含义	参数名称	参数值
M—质量流量控制信号kg/s	管道横截面积/cm²	20
A1、B1—气体出入口 A2、B2—热液体出入口 H1、H2—上下半部分壁温	水箱体积/L 水箱横截面积/m² 出入口横截面积/cm²	10 0.0625 4.9087
H—管壁温度	管道长度/cm 管道横截面积/cm² 水力直径/cm	200.7984 20 1
K—传热系数控制信号 $W / (m 2 · K)$	换热面积/m²	9.3169
H—管壁温度	管道长度/m 管道横截面积/cm² 水力直径/cm	1 9.375 1
—	质量/kg 比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	3.4521 910

表3

表4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 17

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参数	参数值
燃料电池节数	200
双极板材料	石墨
质子交换膜反应面积	280 cm²
质子交换膜厚度	0.0125 cm
散热方式	水冷
电堆温度	80 ℃

输出功率/kW	冷却液流量/(kg/s)	空气流量/(kg/s)	仿真电堆温度/K	仿真冷却液温差/K	文献电堆温度/K	文献冷却液温差/K	电堆温度相对误差/%	冷却液温差相对误差/%
10	0.15	0.25	347.4	13.4	345.9	15.68	0.43	-14.54
10	0.25	0.15	359.4	8.84	357.1	8.75	0.64	1.03
10	0.35	0.45	326.61	6.88	325.8	7.53	0.25	-8.63
10	0.45	0.35	330.65	5.11	328.8	5.77	0.56	-11.44

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