储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (3): 934-945.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0789

• 储能系统与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

垂直式重力储能系统的研究进展和关键技术

邱清泉1(), 罗晓悦1,2, 林玉鑫1,2, 王青山3, 李妍3, 聂子攀1, 张京业1, 肖立业1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院电工研究所，北京 100190
    2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
    3.国网江苏省电力 有限公司经济技术研究院，江苏 南京 210008
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-02 修回日期:2023-11-28 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2024-03-28
  • 通讯作者: 肖立业 E-mail:qiuqingquan@mail.iee.ac.cn;xiao@mail.iee.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:邱清泉（1979—），男，博士，研究员，研究方向为智能电网和物理储能用先进电工装备设计，E-mail：qiuqingquan@mail.iee.ac.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    国家电网公司总部科技项目(4000-202318089A-1-1-ZN)

Research progress and key technologies in vertical gravity energy storage systems

Qingquan QIU1(), Xiaoyue LUO1,2, Yuxin LIN1,2, Qingshan WANG3, Yan LI3, Zipan NIE1, Jingye ZHANG1, Liye XIAO1,2()   

  1. 1.Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    3.State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Company Economic Research Institute, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2023-11-02 Revised:2023-11-28 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2024-03-28
  • Contact: Liye XIAO E-mail:qiuqingquan@mail.iee.ac.cn;xiao@mail.iee.ac.cn

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摘要：

基于固体重物的重力储能技术因其不依赖水资源、选址灵活、效率高等优势，未来有望成为我国北方和西北缺水地区重要的储能技术之一，可以很好地满足大规模可再生能源电力并网对储能技术的需求。然而，由于固体重物的不可流动性和不连续性，重物启停和切换过程会对机械传动和电网系统造成冲击，是固体重力储能区别于抽水蓄能的重要特征。本文首先介绍了近年来国内外基于竖井和地面构筑物的垂直式重力储能技术的研发现状和示范工程，并进一步对垂直式重力储能系统垂直提升、水平转移和自动接驳机械传动技术，以及发电电动机和并网控制技术中存在的核心技术难题进行了分析，最后对垂直式重力储能技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。研究表明，垂直式重力储能系统尽管技术方案较多，但在重载快速提升和转移、重物启停和切换过程控制、并网控制和能效提升等方面还存在诸多技术难题有待解决，后续通过技术提升可进一步降低系统建造成本并提高系统运行的效率和寿命，有望在近期获得一定的示范应用。

关键词: 重力储能, 垂直提升, 机械传动, 发电电动机, 并网控制

Abstract:

Gravity energy storage technology, which relies on solid weights, is expected to become an important energy storage solution in the water-scarce areas of north and northwest China. Its independence from water, high efficiency, and flexible location make it ideally suited to meet the demand for energy storage technology in the large-scale renewable energy power grids. However, the nonfluidity and discontinuity of solid weights present challenges. The start/stop and load/unload processes involving these weights can impact both the mechanical transmission and power grid system, an important consideration in solid gravity energy storage. This paper introduces the research development and demonstration projects related to vertical gravity energy storage technology, based on vertical shafts and ground buildings, both domestically and internationally. It further explores the mechanical transmission technology of vertical lifting, horizontal transfer, automatic joint, generator/motor, and grid-connected control technology. Finally, this paper discusses the future development trends of vertical gravity energy storage technology. The research shows that although many technical schemes have been proposed for the vertical gravity energy storage system, there are still many problems to address. These include the rapid lifting and transfer, process control of start/stop and load/unload of heavy loads, grid-connected control, and energy efficiency improvement. As construction costs decrease, efficiency improves, and lifespan extends, the gravity energy storage system is expected to see commercially application in the future.

Key words: gravity energy storage, vertical lifting, mechanical transmission, motor generator, grid-connected control

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