锂离子电池用PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0056

储能科学与技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 1755-1766.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0056

锂离子电池用PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能研究

肖峰¹(), 程福来²^,³, 罗雪梅², 张广平², 张滨¹()

^1.东北大学材料科学与工程学院，材料各向异性与织构教育部重点实验室，辽宁沈阳 110819
^2.中国科学院金属研究所，沈阳材料科学国家研究中心，辽宁沈阳 110016
^3.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院，辽宁沈阳 110016

收稿日期:2024-01-17 修回日期:2024-02-07 出版日期:2024-06-28 发布日期:2024-06-26
通讯作者: 张滨 E-mail:1519603183@qq.com;zhangb@atm.neu.edu.cn
作者简介:肖峰（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为集流体力学性能，E-mail：1519603183@qq.com；
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52071319);中国科学院B类先导专项(XDB0510303)

Study on the tensile properties of PET-Cu composite current collectors for lithium-ion batteries

Feng XIAO¹(), Fulai CHENG²^,³, Xuemei LUO², Guangping ZHANG², Bin ZHANG¹()

^1.Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
^3.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China

Received:2024-01-17 Revised:2024-02-07 Online:2024-06-28 Published:2024-06-26
Contact: Bin ZHANG E-mail:1519603183@qq.com;zhangb@atm.neu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着锂离子电池技术的不断发展，复合集流体因其具有显著提升电池能量密度和安全性高等优势而引起了产业界的广泛关注。而复合集流体的力学性能可靠性是保证其安全服役的前提，为此，本文针对商业用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-铜(PET-Cu)复合集流体的拉伸性能开展了系统性的研究。利用扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜、X射线衍射等技术手段对复合集流体材料的表面形貌、微观结构及拉伸断裂行为进行了表征与分析。借助有限元模拟分析了不同几何形状试样在拉伸过程中的应力分布状态；通过数字图像相关技术辅助的拉伸实验研究了取样方向、应变速率及试样几何尺寸对PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能的影响规律，并对其应变测量进行了校正。结果表明，采用狗骨状试样并进行应变校正可以更准确地评估复合集流体的拉伸性能；PET-Cu复合集流体的拉伸性能表现出试样取样方向相关性和应变速率敏感性。此外，PET-Cu复合集流体的断裂伸长率表现出明显的试样几何尺寸效应，通过引入几何尺寸系数K可以对不同尺寸的试样拉伸性能进行合理的预测。本研究为聚合物复合集流体实际应用提供了理论依据与可靠性的论证，也为相关试验标准的建立提供了参考，有望推动高性能锂离子电池的开发。

关键词: 复合集流体, 拉伸性能, 有限元模拟, 数字图像相关技术, 应变速率敏感性, 几何尺寸效应

Abstract:

With the advancement of lithium-ion battery technology, composite current collectors have garnered significant interest due to their role in enhancing battery energy density and safety. The mechanical performance of composite current collectors is crucial for ensuring their reliable operation. This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of commercial polyethylene terephthalate-copper (PET-Cu) composite current collectors. The surface morphology, microstructure, and tensile fracture behavior of the PET-Cu composite were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, laser confocal microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Stress distribution in dog-bone-shaped and long-strip-shaped samples during tensile testing was analyzed and compared through finite element simulation. The effects of sampling direction, strain rate, and specimen geometry on the tensile properties were assessed using tensile tests supported by digital image correlation technology. The dog-bone-shaped samples were found to be more effective in evaluating mechanical properties, as their transition arcs alleviate stress concentration. The mechanical properties along the machined direction proved superior to those along the transverse directions, attributed to the orientation structures of the matrix. Higher loading strain rates enhanced the overall mechanical properties of the current collector. While the geometric size of the samples had minimal impact on strength, it significantly affected elongation at fracture. The primary deformation mechanism during tensile testing was identified as dislocation slip, with surface defects such as holes acting as favorable sites for crack initiation. Considering these factors is essential when testing the tensile properties of PET-Cu composite current collectors. This research provides a theoretical foundation and reliability demonstration for the practical application of composite collectors and offers a reference for developing relevant testing standards. This study's findings are poised to advance the development of lithium-ion batteries with improved energy density and safety.

Key words: composite current collector, tensile properties, finite element simulation, digital image correlation technique, strain rate sensitivity, geometric size effect

中图分类号:

TM 912

肖峰, 程福来, 罗雪梅, 张广平, 张滨. 锂离子电池用PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2024, 13(6): 1755-1766.

Feng XIAO, Fulai CHENG, Xuemei LUO, Guangping ZHANG, Bin ZHANG. Study on the tensile properties of PET-Cu composite current collectors for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2024, 13(6): 1755-1766.

图/表 13

表1

表 2

PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸试验的试样规定与实验参数"

影响因素	试样形状	取样方向	应变速率/ $s - 1$	标距长度 /mm	标距宽度 /mm
试样形状	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10
试样形状	矩形	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10

取样方向	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10
取样方向	狗骨状	横向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10

应变速率	狗骨状	纵向	$5 × 10 - 4$	50	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$5 × 10 - 3$	50	10

标距宽度	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	5
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	15
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	25

标距长度	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	25	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	50	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	75	10
	狗骨状	纵向	$1 × 10 - 3$	100	10

表 2

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表3

不同应变速率的PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能"

应变速率	屈服强度/MPa	强度极限/MPa	断裂伸长率/%
$5 × 10 - 4 s - 1$	$126.1 ± 2.0$	$192.7 ± 1.8$	$10.9 ± 0.8$
$1 × 10 - 3 s - 1$	$131.8 ± 2.1$	$201.5 ± 1.3$	$12.5 ± 0.2$
$5 × 10 - 3 s - 1$	$137.1 ± 1.7$	$221.0 ± 5.2$	$13.9 ± 0.6$

表3

图6

图7

图8

图 9

表4

PET-Cu复合集流体、PET基膜与Cu箔集流体的拉伸性能"

材料	屈服强度/MPa	强度极限/MPa	断裂伸长率/%
PET-Cu复合集流体	$131.8 ± 2.1$	$201.5 ± 1.3$	$12.5 ± 0.2$
PET基膜	$105.0 ± 0.2$	$288.9 ± 11.8$	$170.5 ± 11.1$
Cu箔集流体	$272.6 ± 2.2$	$301.9 ± 0.4$	$7.8 ± 0.3$

表4

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标准号	标准名称	试样形状	标距长度 /mm	标距宽度 /mm	拉伸速率^①/(mm/min)
GB/T 1040.3—2006	塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分：薄膜和薄片的试验条件	Ⅰ 狗骨状 Ⅱ 矩形	Ⅰ 50 Ⅱ 50	Ⅰ 10 Ⅱ 10~25	50
GB/T 41791—2022	塑料制品薄膜和薄片无取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)片材	Ⅰ 狗骨状 Ⅱ 矩形	Ⅰ 50 Ⅱ 50	Ⅰ 10 Ⅱ 10~25	50
SJ/T11483—2014	锂离子电池用电解铜箔	矩形	50	15	50
ASTM D638—2014	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics	狗骨状	50	13	5/50/500
ASTM E345—2016	Standard Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Foil	Ⅰ 狗骨状 Ⅱ 矩形	Ⅰ 50 Ⅱ 50	Ⅰ 12.5 Ⅱ 12.5	0.002~0.01
ASTM D882—2018	Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting	矩形	≥50	5~25.4	12.5/50/500
ISO 527-2：2012	Plastics-Determination of tensile properties-Part 2:Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics	狗骨状	50/75	10	50

锂离子电池用PET-Cu复合集流体拉伸性能研究

Study on the tensile properties of PET-Cu composite current collectors for lithium-ion batteries

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