基于带传动的垂直式重力储能系统能效分析模型与实验验证

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0835

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 1141-1149.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2024.0835

基于带传动的垂直式重力储能系统能效分析模型与实验验证

王青山¹(), 李妍¹, 张群¹, 汪德成¹, 吴高昀², 王祖凡², 赵海森²()

^1.国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院，江苏南京 210008
^2.华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院，北京 102206

收稿日期:2024-09-06 修回日期:2024-09-25 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者: 赵海森 E-mail:wangqingshan16@163.com;zhaohisen@163.com
作者简介:王青山（1989—），男，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为新型储能本体及并网控制，E-mail：wangqingshan16@163.com；
基金资助:
国家电网有限公司总部管理科技项目(4000-202318089A-1-1-ZN)

Energy efficiency analysis model and experimental verification of vertical gravity energy storage system based on belt drive

Qingshan WANG¹(), Yan LI¹, Qun ZHANG¹, Decheng WANG¹, Gaoyun WU², Zufan WANG², Haisen ZHAO²()

^1.Economic Research Institution of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. , Ltd, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
^2.School of Electric and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2024-09-06 Revised:2024-09-25 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2025-04-28
Contact: Haisen ZHAO E-mail:wangqingshan16@163.com;zhaohisen@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

重力储能系统(GESS)因其长时、大容量、零自放电率、安全性高等优点受到广泛关注，而能效水平是影响GESS规模化推广应用的重要因素。首先，针对基于带传动的垂直式GESS，分析机械环节中动/定滑轮相对于轴承表面的滑动摩擦、曳引系统的球轴承摩擦、传动带相对于带轮的弹性滑动摩擦及电气环节中电机的铜耗、铁耗、风摩耗、杂散损耗，推导了系统各环节效率及损耗的理论计算方法。其次，针对所提理论计算方法设计了算例，算例结果表明，机械环节效率随质量块质量增加而略有减小；系统充电效率随质量块质量增加而先增加后减小；系统放电效率随质量块质量增加而增加；放电工况下，系统机械损耗占比与充电工况相比明显增加。最后，通过搭建1.1 kW样机对算例结果进行实验验证，实验结果表明，当质量块为127.35 kg时，充、放电状态下电机损耗实测占比分别为82.77%和72.42%，与算例得到的电机损耗理论占比80.56%和72.96%较为接近，且系统充、放电效率随质量块质量的理论变化曲线与实测曲线趋势相同，验证了所提能效分析方法的正确性和实用性。

关键词: 垂直式重力储能, 带传动, 能效分析, 损耗计算

Abstract:

The gravity energy storage system (GESS) has attracted extensive attention owing to its long-term operation, large capacity, zero self-discharge rate, and high safety. The energy efficiency level is a critical factor affecting the large-scale application of GESS. Firstly, for the vertical GESS based on belt drive, the sliding friction of the moving/fixed pulley relative to the bearing surface in the mechanical link, the ball bearing friction in the traction system, the elastic sliding friction of the drive belt relative to the pulley, and the copper loss, iron loss, wind friction, and stray loss of the motor in the electrical link are analyzed, and the theoretical calculation method for the efficiency and loss of each link of the system is derived. Secondly, a numerical example is provided for the proposed calculation method. The results show that the efficiency of the mechanical link decreases slightly as the mass block increases; the charging efficiency of the system initially increases and then decreases with increasing mass block; the discharging efficiency increases with the mass block; and under discharging conditions, the proportion of mechanical loss in the system is significantly higher than under charging conditions. Finally, a 1.1 kW prototype is built to verify the calculation results. The experimental results show that when the mass block is 127.35 kg, the measured motor loss proportions in charging and discharging states are 82.77% and 72.42%, respectively, which are close to the theoretical values of 80.56% and 72.96% obtained from the numerical example. The theoretical variation curve of the system's charging and discharging efficiencies with respect to the mass block exhibits the same trend as the measured curve, which verifies the correctness and practicability of the proposed energy efficiency analysis method.

Key words: vertical gravity energy storage, belt drive, efficiency analysis, loss calculation

中图分类号:

TK 02

王青山, 李妍, 张群, 汪德成, 吴高昀, 王祖凡, 赵海森. 基于带传动的垂直式重力储能系统能效分析模型与实验验证[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1141-1149.

Qingshan WANG, Yan LI, Qun ZHANG, Decheng WANG, Gaoyun WU, Zufan WANG, Haisen ZHAO. Energy efficiency analysis model and experimental verification of vertical gravity energy storage system based on belt drive[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 1141-1149.

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m/kg	充电				放电
m/kg	η_m/%	p_wh/W	p_dr/W	p_tr/W	η_m	p_wh	p_dr	p_tr
59.87	83.8	43.8	20.9	3.61	83.9	44.0	17.5	2.04
89.83	83.4	63.4	30.2	7.86	83.6	67.0	26.6	4.64
99.58	83.3	69.3	33.1	9.54	83.5	74.7	29.7	5.73
127.35	83.0	83.9	40.0	14.8	83.3	96.8	38.5	9.48

m/kg	η_e/%	p_Cu1/W	p_Cu2/W	p_Fe/W	p_fw/W	p_ad/W
59.87	55.43	155.54	25.15	126.74	22.96	8.43
89.83	59.54	200.34	57.81	124.64	20.85	12.24
99.58	59.97	218.93	72.06	123.09	20.12	13.41
127.35	58.63	298.24	134.4	109.03	17.29	16.3

m/kg	η_e/%	p_Cu1/W	p_Cu2/W	p_Fe/W	p_fw/W	p_ad/W
59.87	11.60	105.94	12.11	133.66	30.56	9.92
89.83	33.12	111.73	23.81	153.23	31.62	15.05
99.58	37.44	114.47	28.48	157.48	31.98	16.74
127.35	45.87	124.34	43.80	167.66	32.98	21.64

m/kg	充电				放电
m/kg	I₁/A	P_e/W	v/(m/s)	n/(r/min)	I₁	P_e	v	n
59.9	1.14	735	0.582	706	1.03	41	0.654	767
89.8	1.30	982	0.581	683	1.12	189	0.686	787
99.6	1.36	1074	0.575	670	1.16	234	0.676	784
127	1.66	1368	0.53	623	1.24	316	0.69	826

工况	p_Cu1/W	p_Cu2/W	p_Fe/W	p_fw/W	(p_ad+p_m)/W
充电	329.89	162.65	76.6	15.67	121.8
放电	185.13	62.34	114.2	36.5	147.07

基于带传动的垂直式重力储能系统能效分析模型与实验验证

Energy efficiency analysis model and experimental verification of vertical gravity energy storage system based on belt drive

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