考虑SOC和SOH融合的光储氢孤岛直流微电网协调控制策略研究

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0664

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以光储氢孤岛直流微电网为研究对象，针对含电/氢混合储能系统的微电网能量流动关系复杂，安全稳定运行要求高的特点，深入分析系统工作模式的基础上，提出了考虑蓄电池荷电态(state of charge，SOC)和储氢罐荷氢态(state of hydrogen，SOH)融合的分层协调控制策略。该协调控制策略能够协调光伏发电单元工作在最大功率跟踪和负载功率跟踪双模式；电解制氢单元自动切除和投入运行，且投入运行时能够在最小功率工作点、最大效率工作点和最大功率工作点三种模式之间自适应切换；燃料电池单元自动介入运行补充微电网功率缺额；负载按照优先级自动投切；蓄电池荷电态和储氢罐荷氢态处于合理工作范围，实现了微电网优化可靠运行。不同工况下的仿真结果验证了所提协调控制策略的正确性和有效性。

关键词: 直流微电网, 氢储能, SOH, SOC, 协调控制

Abstract:

In this paper, the island DC microgrid with photovoltaic, battery and hydrogen storage is taken as the research object. Aiming at the characteristics of complex energy flow relationship and high requirements for safe and stable operation of microgrid with electricity/hydrogen hybrid energy storage system, a hierarchical coordinated control strategy is proposed considering the fusion of the state of charge (SOC) and the state of the hydrogen (SOH) by making deep analysis of the working mode of the system. The proposed strategy is able to coordinate the photovoltaic unit to operate in the dual-mode of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or load power tracking (LPT), the electrolytic hydrogen unit to be switched on and off automatically, and adaptive switching among the three modes of minimum power point, maximum efficiency point and maximum power point, the fuel cell unit to put into operation automatically to supplement the power shortage of the microgrid, the load to be switched automatically according to the priority, and the SOC and SOH to to stay in a reasonable working range, so as to achieve optimal and reliable operation of microgrid. The simulation results under different working conditions verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control strategy.

Key words: DC microgrid, hydrogen storage, SOH, SOC, coordinated control

中图分类号:

TM727

温素芳, 赵磊, 刘广忱, 田桂珍, 张建伟. 考虑SOC和SOH融合的光储氢孤岛直流微电网协调控制策略研究[J]. 储能科学与技术, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0664.

Sufang WEN, Lei ZHAO, Guangchen LIU, Guizhen TIAN, Jianwei ZHANG. Research on Coordinated Control Strategy of Islanded DC Microgrids with Photovoltaic, Battery and Hydrogen Storage Considering SOC and SOH Fusion[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0664.

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模式	系统运行情况			光伏	蓄电池	燃料电池	电解槽	负载
模式	SOC	SOH	Ppv	光伏	蓄电池	燃料电池	电解槽	负载
1	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH≤SOH_min	P_pv≥P_load	MPPT	充电	不工作	不工作	分级供电
1	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH≤SOH_min	P_pv<P_load	MPPT	充电	不工作	不工作	全部停电
2	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH>SOH_min SOH≤SOH_min+ml	P_pv≥P_load	MPPT	充电	不工作	不工作	全部供电
2	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH>SOH_min SOH≤SOH_min+ml	P_pv<P_load	MPPT	不充不放	工作	不工作	部分供电
3	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH>SOH_min+ml	P_pv≥P_load	MPPT	充电	不工作	不工作	全部供电
3	SOC≤SOC_min	SOH>SOH_min+ml	P_pv<P_load	MPPT	不充不放	工作	不工作	全部供电
4	SOC>SOC_min SOC≤SOC_min+cx1	——	P_pv≥P_load	MPPT	充电	不工作	不工作	全部供电
4	SOC>SOC_min SOC≤SOC_min+cx1	——	P_pv<P_load	MPPT	放电	不工作	不工作	全部供电
5	SOC≥SOC_min+cx1 SOC<SOC_min+cx2	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv≥P_load+P_EB	MPPT	充电	不工作	P_EBmin→ŋ_max	全部供电
5	SOC≥SOC_min+cx1 SOC<SOC_min+cx2	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv<P_load+P_EB	MPPT	放电	不工作	ŋ_max→P_EBmin	全部供电
6	SOC≥SOC_min+cx2 SOC<SOC_max-cd	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv≥P_load+P_EBŋ_max	MPPT	充电	不工作	ŋ_max	全部供电
6	SOC≥SOC_min+cx2 SOC<SOC_max-cd	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv<P_load+P_EBŋ_max	MPPT	放电	不工作	ŋ_max	全部供电
7	SOC≥SOC_max-cd SOC<SOC_max	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv≥P_load+P_EB	MPPT	充电	不工作	ŋ_max→P_EBmax	全部供电
7	SOC≥SOC_max-cd SOC<SOC_max	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv<P_load+P_EB	MPPT	放电	不工作	P_EBmax→ŋ_max	全部供电
8	SOC≥SOC_max	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv≥P_load+P_EBmax	LPT	不充不放	不工作	P_EBmax	全部供电
8	SOC≥SOC_max	SOH≤SOH_max-mh	P_pv<P_load+P_EBmax	LPT	放电	不工作	P_EBmax	全部供电

名称	参数	数值
光伏发电功率	P_pv	88kW
电解槽最大功率	P_EBmax	50.1kW
燃料电池功率	P_fc	36kW
直流母线电压	U_dc	750V
荷电态上限	SOC_max	80%
荷电态下限	SOC_min	20%
荷氢态上限	SOH_max	100%
荷氢态下限	SOH_min	0%
电解槽ŋ_max/P_EBmax切换阈值	cd	1%
电解槽ŋ_max/P_EBmin切换阈值	cx2	1.5%
电解槽投入/切除阈值	cx1	0.5%
电解槽降功率模式阈值	mh	10%
系统切负荷阈值	ml	4%