储能科学与技术

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基于拓扑优化的冷藏车蓄冷板高效充冷翅片设计

李博然1,2(), 童山虎1,3,5, 王达4,5, 任晓芬1,2, 赵学敏1,2()   

  1. 1.石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院低温储能研究中心，河北 石家庄 050043
    2.石家庄铁道大学河北省新型储能国际联合研究中心，河北 石家庄 050043
    3.中车石家庄车辆有限公司，河北 石家庄 051430
    4.中华全国供销合作总社济南果品研究所，山东 济南 250101
    5.河北省轨道交通制冷与空调绿色数智技术重点实验室，河北 石家庄 051430
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-26 修回日期:2025-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 赵学敏 E-mail:2304448599@qq.com;1625085843@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李博然（2001—），男，硕士研究生（在读），研究方向：相变蓄冷，E-mail：2304448599@qq.com；
  • 基金资助:
    石家庄市驻冀高校重大科技专项(241260497A);河北省青年拔尖人才项目(BJ2025206);河北省燕赵黄金台聚才计划骨干人才项目(50199990661)

Research on the Optimization of Finned Charging Tubes for Cold Storage Vehicles with Thermal Energy Storage

Boran Li1,2(), Shanhu Tong1,3,5, Da Wang4,5, Xiaofen Ren1,2, Xuemin Zhao1,2()   

  1. 1.Low Temperature Energy Storage Research Center, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China
    2.Hebei
    3.International Joint Research Center for New Energy Storage, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, Hebei, China
    4.CRRC Shijiazhuang Vehicle Co. , Ltd. Shijiazhuang 051430, Hebei, China
    5.China National Supply and Marketing Cooperative Federation Fruit Research Institute, Jinan, Jinan 250101, Shandong, China
    6.Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Green Digitalization Technologies for Rail Transit Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Shijiazhuang 051430, Hebei, China.
  • Received:2025-08-26 Revised:2025-09-15
  • Contact: Xuemin Zhao E-mail:2304448599@qq.com;1625085843@qq.com

摘要：

随着冷链物流规模快速增长，蓄冷式冷藏车因其节能环保特性备受关注，但蓄冷梁中相变材料的充冷速度缓慢、温度分布不均成为研究瓶颈。为此，本文创新性地提出基于拓扑优化的蓄冷板高效充冷翅片设计方法，首先利用COMSOL多物理场数值模拟，对翅片结构进行拓扑优化，然后通过参数化简化重构，兼顾高效传热与工程可制造性。研究表明，拓扑优化翅片在相同体积比（尤其5.8%）下较传统直肋型翅片传热效率提升了71.4%，简化后结构热性能偏差小于0.2°C，同时成本和加工难度大幅降低。进一步分析不同管径对相变固相率的影响，发现80mm较65mm管径的综合性能提升了10%。本研究不仅为蓄冷式冷藏车翅片设计提供了系统化优化思路，还在提高充冷效率与维护蓄冷容量平衡方面取得了突破，为低碳环保冷链运输技术的发展注入新动能。

关键词: 蓄冷式冷藏车, 拓扑优化, 相变材料, 充冷效率

Abstract:

With the rapid growth of the cold chain logistics scale, cold storage refrigeration vehicles have attracted much attention due to their energy-saving and environmentally-friendly characteristics. However, the slow charging speed and uneven temperature distribution of phase change materials in the cold storage beams have become performance bottlenecks in the research.Therefore, this paper innovatively proposes a design method for efficient charging fins of cold storage plates based on topological optimization, firstly, using COMSOL multi-physics numerical simulation, the fin structure is optimized by the density method; then, through parametric simplification and reconstruction, both efficient heat transfer and engineering manufacturability are taken into account. The research shows that the topological optimization fins have a heat transfer efficiency that is 71.4% higher than that of the traditional straight-rib type fins under the same volume ratio (especially 5.8%); the thermal performance deviation of the simplified structure is less than 0.2°C, and the cost and processing difficulty are significantly reduced. Further analysis of the influence of different pipe diameters on the solid fraction of the phase change reveals that the 80mm pipe diameter has the best comprehensive performance. This research not only provides a systematic optimization idea for the fin design of cold storage refrigeration vehicles, but also achieves breakthroughs in improving the charging efficiency and maintaining the balance of the cold storage capacity, injecting new momentum into the development of low-carbon and environmentally friendly cold chain transportation technology.

Key words: Refrigeration vehicle with cold storage, Topology optimization, Phase change material, Cooling efficiency

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