致密储能——石墨烯用于超级电容器的机遇和展望

doi:10.12028/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.0042

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纳米储能材料发展迅速，质量容量性能不断刷新。但通常碳纳米材料的密度较低，导致其体积比容量有限，在很多时候很难将材料水平上的优异性能反映到最终的器件上。发展高体积能量密度储能材料，在器件水平上实现致密储能，对推动储能材料和器件的实用化至关重要。作为其它sp2碳质材料的基本结构单元和一种柔性二维材料，石墨烯通过组装可以实现纳米结构致密化，在致密储能方面具有先天优势。本文以石墨烯在超级电容器中的应用为主，分别从材料、电极、器件3个层次讨论了实用化储能器件的设计原则，梳理了高体积能量密度碳基储能材料的研究进展，重点介绍了高体积容量碳电极材料的致密化设计理念，强调了从器件角度考虑储能材料设计的重要性，并对致密储能面临的机遇和挑战作了分析。

关键词: 石墨烯, 高密度, 致密储能, 超级电容器, 体积容量性能

Abstract: Gravimetric energy densities of nanocarbons continuously improved over the years. However, due to their low densities, these nanomaterials normally suffer from relatively low volumetric performance, and their high gravimetric energy densities cannot be translated to the practical devices. Developing electrode materials with high volumetric performance and achieving compact energy storage on a device level is highly important to promote the materials and devices for energy storage into real applications. As a basic unit for all types of sp2 carbons and flexible 2D material, graphene has many intrinsic characteristics beneficial to compact energy storage. Based on the applications of graphene in supercapacitors, the paper presents design principles for practical energy storage devices from the perspective of material, electrode and devices respectively. The recent efforts to prepare electrode materials with a high volumetric performance, particularly the design concept on the high density electrode materials for high volumetric performance are also introduced. This review further highlights the importance to design energy storage material from a device perspective and discusses the opportunities and challenges toward compact energy storage.

Key words: graphene, high density, compact energy storage, supercapacitor, volumetric performance

陶莹1，李欢1，杨全红1,2. 致密储能——石墨烯用于超级电容器的机遇和展望[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2016, 5(6): 781-787.

TAO Ying1, LI Huan1, YANG Quanhong1,2. Compact energy storage: Opportunities and challenges of graphene for supercapacitors[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2016, 5(6): 781-787.

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