水溶性沥青基多孔炭的电性能

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0053

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以水溶性沥青为碳源， Na₂CO₃为活化剂,利用水溶性沥青在碱性Na₂CO₃溶液中溶解度大的特点，通过一步溶解混合，结合后续碳化等工艺制得多孔炭材料。液相混合使碳前驱体和活化剂接触更充分，且所用活化剂较常用NaOH和KOH等强碱对设备腐蚀性小。借助各种测试手段对材料的物理性能及作为超级电容器电极材料的电性能进行了表征，并对材料结构和电性能之间的关系进行了分析。分析测试表明，所得样品为无定形三维层次多孔炭材料，BET比表面积可达1912 m²/g，得益于较高的比表面积和良好的孔结构，所得材料具有优异的电性能：最高比电容可达232 F/g（0.05 A/g），在2 A/g电流密度下循环5000次电容保持率为97.5%，具有良好的循环稳定性。同时，该方法工艺简单，原料经济易得，作为超级电容器电极材料具有较好的应用价值。

关键词: 水溶性沥青, 多孔炭, 超级电容器, Na₂CO₃

Abstract:

Supercapacitors are widely researched energy-storage systems with many unique characteristics: ultrahigh power density, fast chargedischarge capability, high security, and excellent cycle stability. Porous carbon materials with high Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area and reasonable pore size distribution are ideal candidates for supercapacitor electrode materials. A simple strategy was used to fabricate the water-soluble pitch-based porous carbons (WPCs) using water soluble pitch (WP) as the precursor and Na₂CO₃ as the activating agent. The rational design of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous architecture enables the material to have excellent properties. The BET specific surface area of the as-obtained WPCs reached 1912 m²/g. Moreover, supercapacitor electrodes based on the WPCs achieved a high specific capacitance (232 F/g at 0.05 A/g) and good cyclic stability (capacitance retention=97.5% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 2.0 A/g). This facile synthesis strategy will promote the commercial application of WPCs in supercapacitors.

Key words: water soluble pitch, porous carbons, supercapacitors, Na₂CO₃

中图分类号:

TM 53

张金亮, 康丹苗, 刘均庆, 苏志江, 梁文斌. 水溶性沥青基多孔炭的电性能[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(3): 743-750.

ZHANG Jinliang, KANG Danmiao, LIU Junqing, SU Zhijiang, LIANG Wenbin. Electrochemical performance of water soluble pitch-based porous carbons[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 743-750.

图/表 13

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样品	比表面积/m²·g^-1	总孔容/cm³·g^-1	中孔孔容/cm³· g^-1	中孔孔容比例/%
WPC-650	817	0.36	0.02	5.6
WPC-750	1244	0.58	0.05	8.6
WPC-850	1912	0.94	0.17	18.1
WPC-950	1837	0.88	0.12	13.6
WP-850	70	0.04	0.004	10

样品	元素组成/%			N 1s含量/%
样品	C	N	O	S	N-6	N-5	N-Q
WP	56.73	1.29	41.78	0.20	16.4	83.6	0
WPC-650	75.63	2.03	21.97	0.37	21.2	71.0	7.8
WPC-750	77.03	1.54	21.33	0.09	8.3	84.4	7.2
WPC-850	84.60	0.50	14.77	0.12	0	100	0
WPC-950	83.99	0.38	15.49	0.14	0	100	0

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