溶胶凝胶燃烧合成纳米NiO对太阳盐微结构和热性能的影响

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2020.0125

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提高太阳盐的比热容可以增强其蓄热能力，是近年来中高温储能领域的研究热点。本文采用溶胶凝胶燃烧法在太阳盐中原位合成纳米NiO，制备改性太阳盐。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS和DSC等测试与表征手段分析了纳米NiO对太阳盐微观结构和热性能的影响。结果表明，太阳盐中成功合成了直径为8～10 nm的球形NiO颗粒，并且纳米颗粒会产生团聚形成尺寸为0.1～0.5 μm的小团簇体。溶胶凝胶燃烧法原位合成的纳米NiO可以大幅提高太阳盐的比热容。界面能的增加和半固态层的形成是改性太阳盐比热容提高的主要原因。

关键词: 纳米NiO, 太阳盐, 比热容, 溶胶凝胶燃烧法

Abstract:

Enhancing the specific heat capacity of solar salt can significantly improve its heat storage capacity, which is a central issue in the field of high-temperature energy storage in the recent years. This study synthesizes the NiO nanoparticles in situ in solar salt through the sol-gel combustion method to obtain modified solar salt. The effects of nano-NiO on the solar salt microstructures and properties are investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that spherical NiO particles with 8—10 nm diameter are successfully prepared and can be agglomerated into small clusters measuring 0.1—0.5 μm. The NiO nanoparticles synthesized in situ by the sol-gel combustion method can markedly enhance the specific heat capacity of solar salt. The increase of the interfacial energy and the semi-solid layer formation are the main reasons for the enhanced specific heat capacity of the modified solar salt.

Key words: nano-NiO, solar salt, specific heat capacity, sol-gel combustion method

中图分类号:

TM 615

戴佩, 程晓敏, 李元元. 溶胶凝胶燃烧合成纳米NiO对太阳盐微结构和热性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2020, 9(6): 1760-1767.

Pei DAI, Xiaomin CHENG, Yuanyuan LI. Effect of nano-NiO synthesized by sol-gel combustion on the microstructures and thermal properties of solar salt[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(6): 1760-1767.

图/表 14

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样品	柠檬酸∶硝酸镍摩尔比(C∶N)	点燃温度/℃	溶液pH	纳米颗粒含量/%
TP-1/3	1∶3	400	3	1
TP-1/2	1∶2	400	3	1
TP-1/1	1∶1	400	3	1
MP-300	1∶2	300	3	1
MP-500	1∶2	500	3	1
MP-600	1∶2	600	3	1
MT-1	1∶2	400	1	1
MT-5	1∶2	400	5	1
TP-1/2-10	1∶2	400	3	10

样品	Cp/J·(g·℃)^-1
	固态比热容与变化					液态比热容与变化
	第一次	第二次	第三次	平均值	增长	第一次	第二次	第三次	平均值	增长
基盐	1.42	1.42	1.41	1.42	-	1.37	1.36	1.36	1.36	-
TP-1/3	2.02	2.10	2.08	2.07	45.8%	1.72	1.72	1.73	1.72	26.5%
TP-1/2	2.59	2.56	2.60	2.58	81.7%	2.13	2.14	2.14	2.14	57.4%
TP-1/1	2.26	2.28	2.20	2.25	58.5%	1.98	1.96	1.97	1.97	44.9%
MP-300	1.38	1.36	1.36	1.37	-3.5%	1.16	1.16	1.08	1.13	-16.9%
MP-500	1.89	1.88	1.90	1.89	33.1%	1.67	1.69	1.63	1.66	22.1%
MP-600	1.53	1.55	1.60	1.56	9.9%	1.32	1.30	1.31	1.31	-3.7%
MT-1	1.58	1.57	1.58	1.58	11.3%	1.37	1.39	1.32	1.36	0
MT-5	2.01	2.03	2.01	2.02	42.3%	1.34	1.30	1.41	1.35	-0.7%

样品	相变潜热/J·g^-1	初始相变温度/℃	相变结束温度/℃
基盐	107.9	220.5	229.6
TP-1/3	95.2	219.0	237.3
TP-1/2	139.4	207.3	226.0
TP-1/1	104.4	211.5	227.6
MP-300	108.7	210.2	225.8
MP-500	84.3	203.3	221.1
MP-600	111.8	210.1	226.2
MT-1	93.9	208.3	226.0
MT-5	107.0	217.5	229.4

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