考虑换电站的综合能源系统低碳经济调度

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2023.0437

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

换电站作为分布式能源存储以及需求响应资源，能够为综合能源系统调度提供更大的灵活性，同时，碳交易是提高能源利用效率、减少环境污染的有效手段。为此提出了考虑换电站的综合能源系统低碳经济调度模型。首先，建立考虑换电站的综合能源系统拓扑。其次，引入奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制，建立了以系统运行成本和碳交易成本最低为优化目标的低碳经济调度模型，运用分段线性插值将原模型转化为混合整数线性规划问题。使用Yalmip对模型进行建模并利用Cplex求解器进行求解，通过对比分析换电站不同运行方式，结果表明有序充放电方式的换电站在综合能源系统中具备灵活调度优势，在低谷时段进行电池充电，高峰时段灵活释放电能，有效地减小了负荷峰值，缩小峰谷差。此外，奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制为综合能源系统提供了经济激励，通过出售多余的碳配额获得利润，有助于降低碳交易成本，并且分析了碳交易价格参数，碳交易价格增长会促使综合能源系统增加低碳能源比例，降低碳排放，保持系统的经济性和环保性。

关键词: 换电站, B2G, 奖惩阶梯型碳交易, 综合能源系统, 低碳经济调度

Abstract:

As a distributed energy storage and demand response resource, battery swapping stations can provide greater flexibility for dispatching an integrated energy system. Carbon trading effectively improves the energy utilization efficiency and reduces environmental pollution. This study proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for an integrated energy system considering the battery swapping stations. First, the topology of the integrated energy system considering the battery swapping stations is established. Next, a reward and punishment-type stepped carbon trading mechanism is introduced, and a low-carbon economic dispatch model with the lowest system operating and carbon trading costs as the optimization objectives is established. The original model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming problem through piecewise linear interpolation. The model is then formulated using Yalmip and solved by employing the Cplex solver. The comparative analysis results of the different operating modes of the battery swapping station reveal that the station with ordered charging and discharging has flexible scheduling advantages in the integrated energy system. This station charges batteries during off-peak hours and flexibly releases energy during peak hours, thereby effectively reducing the load peak and narrowing the peak-valley difference. The reward and punishment-type stepped carbon trading mechanism also provides economic incentives for the integrated energy system. Profits can be obtained by selling surplus carbon quotas, which helps reduce the carbon trading costs. An analysis of the carbon trading price parameters shows that the carbon trading price increase will encourage the integrated energy system to increase the proportion of low-carbon energy, reduce carbon emissions, and maintain the system's economic and environmental sustainability.

Key words: battery swap station, B2G, reward and punishment type of stepped carbon trading, Integrated energy system, low-carbon economic dispatch

中图分类号:

TM 65

焦昊东, 于艾清, 王育飞. 考虑换电站的综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2023, 12(10): 3254-3264.

Haodong JIAO, Aiqing YU, Yufei WANG. Low-carbon economic dispatch of an integrated energy system considering battery swapping stations[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2023, 12(10): 3254-3264.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

表2

储能参数"

参数	电储能	热储能	冷储能
$E E S m a x$ /(kW·h)	135	90	90
$P E S, d i s m a x$ /kW	30	20	20
$P E S, c h a m a x$ /kW	30	20	20
$E E S m i n$ /(kW·h)	15	0	0
$η c h a E S$ / $η d i s E S$	0.9	0.88	0.9
$ε E S$	0.001	0.001	0.001

表2

表3

设备参数"

参数	参数值	参数	参数值
$η E C$	3.5	$η M T g e$	0.3
$η A C$	1.2	$η M T g h$	0.4
$P M T, m a x$ /kW	300	$η G B g h$	0.9
$C A C, m a x$ /kW	150	$η R H B$	0.85
$H G B, m a x$ /kW	400	$C E C, m a x$ /kW	150

表3

表4

BSS参数"

参数	参数值	参数	参数值
$α 0$	6	$N b a t$	150
$P c h a$ ， $P d i s$ /kW	15	$E b$ /(kW·h)	30
$η c$ ， $η d$	0.95	$N p o s, m a x$	20

表4

表5

碳排放参数"

参数	参数值
单位电量的无偿碳排放额 $δ e$ /[t/(MW·h)]	0.728
单位热量的无偿碳排放额 $δ h$ /[t/(MW·h)]	0.102
碳交易价格/(元/t)	267.6
碳交易价格增长系数 $γ$	0.25

表5

表6

实际碳排放模型参数"

耗电型			耗气型
$a 1$	$b 1$	$c 1$	$a 2$	$b 2$	$c 2$
0.0034	-0.38	36	0.001	-0.004	3

表6

表7

图6

图7

图8

表8

图9

图10

图11

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参数	场景1	场景2	场景3	场景4
碳交易成本/元	—	361.04	93.63	-221.47
碳排放量/kg	8172.2	7582.2	6733.6	6114.9
运维成本/元	544.17	584.65	612.28	626.98
购能成本/元	10535	9466.5	9200	8705.4
电池折旧成本/元	511.58	511.58	511.58	1076.3
总成本/元	11591	10924	10417	10187

参数	无序充电	有序充电	有序充放电	基本电负荷
负荷峰值/kW	744.74	650	575.53	650
负荷谷值/kW	148	263	330.79	148
峰谷差/kW	596.74	387	244.74	502

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