基于水下压缩空气储能的远海电淡冰冷热联产系统性能分析

doi:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0168

储能科学与技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 1160-1167.doi: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2025.0168

基于水下压缩空气储能的远海电淡冰冷热联产系统性能分析

杨毅¹^,³(), 刘石¹^,³, 黄正¹^,³, 卜宪标²(), 吴蔚¹, 温喆然¹, 徐军涛¹, 李士杰⁴

^1.广东新型储能国家研究院有限公司，广东广州 510080
^2.中国科学院广州能源研究所，广东广州 510640
^3.南方电网电力科技股份有限公司，广东广州 510080
^4.中国南方电网有限责任公司，广东广州 510663

收稿日期:2025-02-22 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2025-04-28
通讯作者: 卜宪标 E-mail:yyxt007@sina.cn;buxb@ms.giec.ac.cn
作者简介:杨毅（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为先进物理储能技术，E-mail：yyxt007@sina.cn；
基金资助:
南方电网科技创新项目(ZBKJXM20240191)

Performance analysis of an offshore electricity, freshwater, ice, and heating-cooling polygeneration system based on underwater compressed air energy storage

Yi YANG¹^,³(), Shi LIU¹^,³, Zheng HUANG¹^,³, Xianbiao BU²(), Wei WU¹, Zheran WEN¹, Juntao XU¹, Shijie LI⁴

^1.National Institute of Guangdong Advanced Energy Storage, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
^2.Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^3.China Southern Power Grid Technology Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
^4.China Southern Power Grid Co. , Ltd. , Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China

Received:2025-02-22 Revised:2025-03-12 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2025-04-28
Contact: Xianbiao BU E-mail:yyxt007@sina.cn;buxb@ms.giec.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提出了基于水下压缩空气储能的电淡冰冷热多联产系统，以解决海上可再生能源发电的配储难题以及远海对电、淡水、冰和冷热获取难的问题。构建了储释能过程以及多联产过程的热动力学数学模型，分析了发电、制冰、制冷以及生产淡水和热水的性能。结果表明：水下定压储能的储能密度和能量回收效率较定容储能实现大幅提高。另外，通过压缩空气储能以及级间压缩热和膨胀制冷，可以在海上同时生产电能、淡水、热水、冰和冷能；级间压缩热除了加热膨胀机进气，还可以驱动多效蒸馏海水淡化设备生产淡水同时生产60 ℃以上热水。对于深度500 m，容积10000 m³的储气罐，每天的淡水产量达51.45 t；抽取中间级膨胀机出口气体进行膨胀制冰制冷，当抽取50%空气流量(30.4 kg/s)时，每天可制冰30.72 t。水下压缩空气储能可以解决海上风电和光伏的不稳定难题，促进海上可再生能源发电更大规模的发展。依托水下压缩空气储能系统可以建立海上能源站，为远海岛屿、渔船、商船和浮动平台等提供电淡冰冷热供应，助力海洋经济高质量发展。

关键词: 水下压缩空气储能, 定压储能, 冷热电淡冰多联产, 电淡联产, 海上能源站

Abstract:

A novel integrated system based on underwater compressed air energy storage (UCAES) has been proposed to address the challenges of energy storage for offshore renewable energy and the scarcity of electricity, freshwater, ice, and thermal resources in remote marine areas. This system is designed to provide comprehensive solutions for producing electricity, freshwater, ice, cooling, and heating. Thermodynamic models were established to analyze the energy storage and release processes alongside the performance of the polygeneration system. Key findings include: Constant-pressure underwater energy storage offers significantly higher energy storage density and energy recovery efficiency compared to constant-volume storage methods. The integrated system can simultaneously produce electricity, freshwater, hot water, ice, and cooling through compressed air energy storage with interstage compression heat and expansion refrigeration. The interstage compression heat not only preheats the air entering the expander but also powers multieffect distillation desalination devices, enabling the production of 51.45 tons of freshwater per day while also supplying hot water above 60°C, using a 10000 m³ underwater air storage tank at a depth of 500 m. Intermediate-stage expanded air extraction supports ice production and refrigeration, with a daily ice output of 30.72 tons when extracting 50% of air flow rate (equivalent to 30.4 kg/s). The UCAES system effectively resolves the intermittency challenges of offshore wind and solar power, enabling the large-scale development of marine renewable energy. This technology supports the establishment of offshore energy stations that can provide comprehensive energy services for remote islands, fishing vessels, merchant ships, and floating platforms, thereby promoting high-quality growth of the marine economy.

Key words: underwater compressed air energy storage, isobaric energy storage, electricity-freshwater-ice-cooling-heating polygeneration system, cogeneration of electricity and freshwater, marine energy stations

中图分类号:

TK 123

杨毅, 刘石, 黄正, 卜宪标, 吴蔚, 温喆然, 徐军涛, 李士杰. 基于水下压缩空气储能的远海电淡冰冷热联产系统性能分析[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2025, 14(3): 1160-1167.

Yi YANG, Shi LIU, Zheng HUANG, Xianbiao BU, Wei WU, Zheran WEN, Juntao XU, Shijie LI. Performance analysis of an offshore electricity, freshwater, ice, and heating-cooling polygeneration system based on underwater compressed air energy storage[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2025, 14(3): 1160-1167.

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参数名称	数值	单位
环境温度	20	℃
海水表面温度	20	℃
海水表面压力	0.1	MPa
海水密度	1050	kg/m³
压缩机等熵效率	0.88	—
膨胀机等熵效率	0.92	—
电动机效率	0.95	—
发电机效率	0.95	—
换热器效能	0.9	—
冷热水泵效率	0.87	—
水下储罐容积	10000	m³
储能时长	9	h
释能时长	3	h

引出气体质量分数	总发电功率/MW	第三级膨胀机发电功率/MW	引出气体发电功率/MW	制冰量/(t/d)	制冷量/(GJ/d)
0%	21.97	7.37	0	0	0
10%	21.75	6.63	0.52	6.14	1.32
20%	21.54	5.90	1.04	12.29	2.64
30%	21.32	5.16	1.57	18.43	3.97
40%	21.11	4.42	2.09	24.57	5.29
50%	20.89	3.69	2.61	30.72	6.61

制淡热源	总发电功率/MW	第一级膨胀机功率/MW	第二级膨胀机功率/MW	第三级膨胀机功率/MW	淡水产量/(t/d)	制热换热器热量/(GJ/d)
0	21.97	7.23	7.36	7.37	0	0
1	21.53	7.23	7.36	6.94	17.15	16.85
2	20.57	7.23	6.80	6.54	34.30	33.70
3	18.56	6.32	6.15	6.08	51.45	50.55

基于水下压缩空气储能的远海电淡冰冷热联产系统性能分析

Performance analysis of an offshore electricity, freshwater, ice, and heating-cooling polygeneration system based on underwater compressed air energy storage

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